A Smart Ethernet Switch for Earth
This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of zerotier/ZeroTierOne, a C++ project with 16,919 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 371,038 lines of code across 1198 source files, recording 1417 pattern matches distributed across 10 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 3.4 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.
The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).
This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.
Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.
This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.
The scanner identified 1417 distinct pattern matches across 10 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.
Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | version.h | 41 | #endif | COMMENT |
| LOW | CMakeLists.txt | 41 | # ZT_BUILD_ARCHITECTURE (read by one.cpp via version.h). | COMMENT |
| LOW | selftest.cpp | 1 | /* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public | COMMENT |
| LOW | selftest.cpp | 21 | #include "node/Packet.hpp" | COMMENT |
| LOW | selftest.cpp | 41 | #include <vector> | COMMENT |
| LOW | one.cpp | 21 | #include <time.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | one.cpp | 41 | #include <dirent.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | one.cpp | 61 | #include <linux/capability.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | one.cpp | 81 | #include <algorithm> | COMMENT |
| LOW | one.cpp | 1721 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/BigTableStatusWriter.cpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/BigTableStatusWriter.cpp | 121 | const uint64_t keyHash = hasher(row_key); | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/EmbeddedNetworkController.hpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/EmbeddedNetworkController.hpp | 21 | #include <atomic> | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/CtlUtil.hpp | 41 | // Prefix every controller log line with the controller (node) ID. A single atomic fprintf; | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/RedisListener.hpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/PubSubListener.hpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/PubSubWriter.cpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/CentralDB.cpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/CentralDB.cpp | 21 | #include "Redis.hpp" | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/DB.hpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/PostgreSQL.hpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/CentralDB.hpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/ConnectionPool.hpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/EmbeddedNetworkController.cpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/EmbeddedNetworkController.cpp | 21 | #include <map> | COMMENT |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/CtlUtil.cpp | 21 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | nonfree/controller/PubSubListener.cpp | 1 | /* (c) ZeroTier, Inc. | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierDebug.h | 21 | #include <unistd.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierDebug.h | 41 | #define ZT_RESET "\x1B[0m" | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierDebug.h | 61 | #ifdef __FreeBSD__ | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierDebug.h | 81 | #endif | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierOne.h | 21 | // clang-format off | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierOne.h | 41 | #pragma comment(lib, "ZeroTierOne_x64d.lib") | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierOne.h | 281 | * Packet characteristics flag: TCP SYN flag | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierOne.h | 301 | #define ZT_REMOTE_TRACE_FIELD__LOCAL_PHYADDR "localPhyAddr" | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierOne.h | 321 | #define ZT_REMOTE_TRACE_FIELD__CREDENTIAL_TIMESTAMP "credTs" | COMMENT |
| LOW | include/ZeroTierOne.h | 341 | #define ZT_REMOTE_TRACE_EVENT__NETWORK_CONFIG_REQUEST_SENT 0x2005 | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/arm32-neon-salsa2012-asm/salsa2012.h | 1 | #ifndef ZT_SALSA2012_ARM32NEON_ASM | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/win32.h | 1 | #ifndef _WIN32_HELPER_INCLUDE | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/win32.h | 41 | #endif | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/sdsalloc.h | 41 | #define s_realloc realloc | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/net.c | 41 | #include <netinet/tcp.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/test.c | 1 | #include "fmacros.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/test.c | 741 | } | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/test.c | 761 | // __test_callback_flags <<= 8; | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/test.c | 781 | // redisFree(c); | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/test.c | 801 | // | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/test.c | 821 | // redisCommandWithCallback(c,__test_reply_callback,(void*)3,"PING"); | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/fmacros.h | 1 | #ifndef __HIREDIS_FMACRO_H | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/read.h | 41 | * error that occurred. REDIS_ERR_IO means there was an I/O error and you | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/include/hiredis/win32.h | 1 | #ifndef _WIN32_HELPER_INCLUDE | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/include/hiredis/win32.h | 41 | #endif | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/include/hiredis/sdsalloc.h | 41 | #define s_realloc realloc | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/include/hiredis/fmacros.h | 1 | #ifndef __HIREDIS_FMACRO_H | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/hiredis-0.14.1/include/hiredis/read.h | 41 | * error that occurred. REDIS_ERR_IO means there was an I/O error and you | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/inja/inja.hpp | 41 | #endif | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/inja/inja.hpp | 61 | #include <sstream> | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/inja/inja.hpp | 81 | // #include "node.hpp" | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/inja/inja.hpp | 901 | #include <string> | COMMENT |
| 1231 more matches not shown… | ||||
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM⚡ | CMakeLists.txt | 273 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | CMakeLists.txt | 279 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | CMakeLists.txt | 284 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | CMakeLists.txt | 286 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | CMakeLists.txt | 568 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | CMakeLists.txt | 570 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | CMakeLists.txt | 580 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | CMakeLists.txt | 582 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 6 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 8 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 34 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 48 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 327 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 334 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 409 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 411 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 487 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 489 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 649 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | CMakeLists.txt | 651 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 169 | # ---------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 178 | # -------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 480 | # ------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 529 | # --------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 575 | # ---------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 598 | # -------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 622 | # ------------------ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 646 | # ------------------ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 679 | # ------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 691 | # -------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 712 | # ---------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 731 | # -------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 740 | # ------------------------------ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 776 | # ----------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 789 | # ----------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 801 | # ----------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 812 | # --------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 838 | # --------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 886 | # ------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 924 | # ------------------------ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1014 | # -------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1030 | # -------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1095 | # -------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1147 | # ------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1177 | # --------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1207 | # ----------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1232 | # ------------------------------------ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1261 | # ---------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1282 | # ------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1295 | # ----------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1308 | # ---------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1333 | # ----------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1350 | # --------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1483 | # ----------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1495 | # --------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1512 | # ------------------------------------ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1523 | # --------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1646 | # ---------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1663 | # --------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1697 | # -------------------------- | COMMENT |
| 21 more matches not shown… | ||||
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/template2mak.py | 83 | # This file is generated automatically by libpqxx's {script} script, and | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1402 | # This file is a library for parsing options in your shell scripts along | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 2594 | # This function is only a basic sanity check; it will hardly flush out | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 2604 | # This function implements the same check as func_lalib_p without | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 2627 | # This function is only a basic sanity check; it will hardly flush out | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 2637 | # This function is only a basic sanity check; it will hardly flush out | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 2662 | # This function is only a basic sanity check; it will hardly flush out | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 2802 | # Create a libtool object file (analogous to a ".la" file), | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 7570 | # Create the object directory. | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 10249 | # Create the old-style object. | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 10269 | # Create an invalid libtool object if no PIC, so that we don't | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 331 | # Sed substitution that helps us do robust quoting. It backslashifies | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 5319 | # Sed substitution that helps us do robust quoting. It backslashifies | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 9271 | # This code stresses the "libraries are programs" paradigm to its | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | …i-only/include/opentelemetry/trace/span_startoptions.h | 45 | // more nuanced parent identification: | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | …de/opentelemetry/nostd/internal/absl/base/attributes.h | 41 | // are not defined as such in any file). To utilize the following | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | …clude/opentelemetry/nostd/internal/absl/base/options.h | 42 | // Diamond dependency problems can be avoided if all packages utilize the same | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | …rometheus-cpp-lite-1.0/core/include/prometheus/gauge.h | 113 | /// Example usage: | COMMENT |
| LOW | …metheus-cpp-lite-1.0/core/include/prometheus/counter.h | 98 | /// Example usage: | COMMENT |
| LOW | …ometheus-cpp-lite-1.0/core/include/prometheus/family.h | 329 | /// Example usage: | COMMENT |
| LOW | …theus-cpp-lite-1.0/core/include/prometheus/histogram.h | 128 | /// Example usage: | COMMENT |
| LOW | …metheus-cpp-lite-1.0/core/include/prometheus/summary.h | 128 | /// Example usage: | COMMENT |
| LOW | scripts/bootstrap-deps.sh | 19 | # Usage: | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/template2mak.py | 19 | CODE | |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/template2mak.py | 19 | CODE | |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/template2mak.py | 19 | CODE | |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/test_all.py | 12 | CODE | |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/m4esc.py | 10 | CODE | |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/m4esc.py | 10 | CODE | |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/m4esc.py | 10 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | …ubuntu22.04/amd64/include/sw/redis++/connection_pool.h | 145 | // NOTE: This class is similar to `SafeConnection`. | COMMENT |
| LOW | …ubuntu22.04/arm64/include/sw/redis++/connection_pool.h | 145 | // NOTE: This class is similar to `SafeConnection`. | COMMENT |
| LOW | …redis-plus-plus-1.3.3/src/sw/redis++/connection_pool.h | 145 | // NOTE: This class is similar to `SafeConnection`. | COMMENT |
| LOW | …edis-plus-plus-1.3.3/src/sw/redis++/async_connection.h | 361 | // NOTE: This class is similar to `SafeAsyncConnection`. | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 623 | # Set func_arith_result to the result of evaluating TERMs. | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 647 | # Set func_basename_result to FILE with everything up to and including | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 813 | # Set func_len_result to the length of STRING. STRING may not | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 1031 | # Set func_relative_path_result to the relative path from SRCDIR to DSTDIR. | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 4003 | # Check if any of the arguments is a wrapper script. | COMMENT |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/config/ltmain.sh | 9972 | # Loop over the list of objects to be linked. | COMMENT |
| LOW | pkg/qnap/zerotier/qpkg.cfg | 46 | # Set value to 1 means to open the QPKG's Web UI inside QTS desktop instead of new window. | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/test_all.py | 261 | except Exception as error: | CODE |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/test_all.py | 416 | except Exception as error: | CODE |
| LOW | ext/libpqxx-7.7.3/tools/test_all.py | 437 | except Exception as error: | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | …lude/opentelemetry/semconv/incubating/aws_attributes.h | 24 | href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock/latest/userguide/guardrails.html">guardrail</a> helps | CODE |