verus-lang/verus

2.7

Adjusted Score

2.7

Raw Score

100%

Time Factor

2026-07-14

Last Push

2.7K

Stars

Rust

Language

507.4K

Lines of Code

1.3K

Files

1.1K

Pattern Hits

2026-07-14

Scan Date

0.01

HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score: Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score: The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor: The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits: Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate: High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files: Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

Longitudinal tracking requires multiple scan runs. Once this repository is re-scanned after new commits land, this chart will visualise how the synthetic code signal evolves over time — enabling you to detect whether AI authorship is growing, stabilising, or being actively corrected by human engineers.

No multi-scan history yet — run the scanner again to build trend data.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 19HIGH 0MEDIUM 54LOW 1008

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 1081 distinct pattern matches across 11 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Over-Commented Block981 hits · 934 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	tools/vargo/src/util.rs	1	// Some of the code in this file is copied from https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/blob/cee088b0db01076deb11c037fe8b64b2	COMMENT
LOW	tools/verita/src/main.rs	21	/// Base of the Verus repository	COMMENT
LOW	source/Cargo.toml	41	# correctness/perf/suspicious are the priority groups	COMMENT
LOW	source/verusdoc/src/main.rs	61		COMMENT
LOW	source/verusdoc/src/main.rs	81	// </div>	COMMENT
LOW	source/tools/coverage.sh	1	#!/usr/bin/env bash	COMMENT
LOW	source/tools/bump_crate_versions/src/main.rs	21	/// is modified, we also update the version in the cargo-verus template. The code is optimized	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	1	use super::layout::*;	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	21	/// to and from the `usize` address. What _really_ matters is the type paramter of the	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	41	/// * [`MemContents::Init(v)`](raw_ptr::MemContents::Init) if the memory points-to the	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	61	/// // ALLOCATE	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	81	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	101	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	121	/// // ALLOCATE p	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	141	/// * Since `PPtr` is just a pointer (represented by an integer), it can be `Copy`.	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/simple_pptr.rs	181	/// Cast a pointer to an integer.	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	61	spec fn ghost_ensures(&self) -> bool;	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	161	/// if (a >= 50) {	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	221	/// `assert_by_contradiction!(b, { /* proof */ });`	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	261	/// level, while `K` allows the user to configure the invariant upon construction.	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	281	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	301	/// The user can also provide boolean predicate declarations, which are copied verbatim	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	321	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	341	/// The graph of dependencies across all fields must be acyclic.	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/pervasive.rs	361	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/tokens.rs	21	};	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/tokens.rs	61	/// Though the first argument is mutable, the value is not really mutated;	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/tokens.rs	101		COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/tokens.rs	181	/// \| VerusSync Strategy \| Field type \| Token trait \|	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/tokens.rs	221	/// Interface for VerusSync tokens created for a field marked with the `bool` or	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/layout.rs	21		COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/layout.rs	121	size_of::<V>() as usize as nat == size_of::<V>(),	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/utf8.rs	1	//! Definitions for UTF-8 encoding and decoding of character sequences.	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/iset_lib.rs	41	/// we can write either `s.map(\|i: int\| (i, 10 * i))`	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/iset_lib.rs	1461	}	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/cell.rs	21		COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/cell.rs	41	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/set_lib.rs	41	/// such that `rev(fwd(a)) == a`.	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/set_lib.rs	1361	/// assert_sets_equal!(set1 == set2);	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/thread.rs	61	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/thread.rs	81	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/vstd.rs	1	//! The "standard library" for [Verus](https://github.com/verus-lang/verus).	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/vstd.rs	141	std_specs::vecdeque::group_vec_dequeue_axioms,	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/atomic_ghost.rs	221	/// [`AtomicI64`], [`AtomicI32`], [`AtomicI16`], [`AtomicI8`], and [`AtomicBool`].	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/atomic_ghost.rs	241	/// Here, the `$operation_name` is one of `load`, `store`, etc. Meanwhile,	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/atomic_ghost.rs	261	/// \| `compare_exchange_weak(x, y)` \| `prev == x && next == y && ret == Ok(prev)` ("success") OR<br> `next == prev && re	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/atomic_ghost.rs	281	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/atomic_ghost.rs	301	/// let result = atomic_with_ghost!(	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/imap.rs	1	#![allow(unused_imports)]	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/imap.rs	21	/// * [`IMap::empty()`] constructs an empty map.	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/imap.rs	381	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/imap.rs	401	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/seq.rs	121	}	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/seq.rs	201	/// ```rust	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/seq.rs	221	/// }	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/seq.rs	261	self.subrange(n, self.len() as int)	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/function.rs	1	use super::prelude::*;	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/multiset.rs	21	///	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/multiset.rs	41	// (1) representing multiplicity by an ordinal or cardinal or something	COMMENT
LOW	source/vstd/multiset.rs	81	/// the resulting multiset is the sum of its multiplicities in the operands.	COMMENT
921 more matches not shown…

Hallucination Indicators19 hits · 190 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/sst_to_air.rs	2103	.map(\|fun\| fun.x.ret.x.typ.clone());	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_simplify.rs	1085	typ: function.x.ret.x.typ.clone(),	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_simplify.rs	1109	name: function.x.ret.x.name.clone(),	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_simplify.rs	1110	a: function.x.ret.x.typ.clone(),	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/headers.rs	556	let mut name = method.x.name.path.segments.last().expect("method name last").to_string();	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/headers.rs	565	let name = method.x.name.path.segments.last().expect("method name last").to_string();	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_to_sst_func.rs	278	function.x.ret.x.typ.clone(),	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_to_sst_func.rs	329	function.x.ret.x.typ.clone(),	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_to_sst_func.rs	373	name: function.x.ret.x.name.clone(),	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_to_sst_func.rs	375	typ: function.x.ret.x.typ.clone(),	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_to_sst_func.rs	678	.insert(trait_function.x.ret.x.name.clone(), function.x.ret.x.name.clone());	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_to_sst_func.rs	934	let non_default_ensure = &lo_inheritance.function.x.ensure.0.clone();	CODE
CRITICAL	source/vir/src/ast_to_sst_func.rs	948	for expr in lo_current.function.x.ensure.0.iter().chain(lo_current.function.x.ensure.1.iter()) {	CODE
CRITICAL	source/state_machines_macros/src/lemmas.rs	110	if l.func.sig.generics.params.len() > 0 {	CODE
CRITICAL	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/mod.rs	272	let ids = (id.0.owner.def_id.local_def_index.as_usize(), id.0.local_id);	CODE
CRITICAL	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/mod.rs	277	dbg!(real_id.0.owner.def_id.local_def_index.as_usize());	CODE
CRITICAL	…build_additional_files/verus_time_travel_prevention.rs	1202	let v_id = v.0.owner.def_id.local_def_index.as_usize();	CODE
CRITICAL	…build_additional_files/verus_time_travel_prevention.rs	1214	let v_id = v.0.owner.def_id.local_def_index.as_usize();	CODE
CRITICAL	…build_additional_files/verus_time_travel_prevention.rs	1233	v.0.owner.def_id.local_def_index.as_usize() + mod_idx,	CODE

Decorative Section Separators42 hits · 152 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	tools/verita/scripts/summarize.py	124	# ── Single-run output ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tools/verita/scripts/summarize.py	195	# ── Single-run Markdown output ────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tools/verita/scripts/summarize.py	250	# ── Error summary (Markdown only) ─────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tools/verita/scripts/summarize.py	295	# ── Two-run comparison output ──────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tools/verita/scripts/summarize.py	500	# ── Two-run comparison Markdown output ────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tools/verita/scripts/summarize.py	619	# ── Main ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tools/verita/src/dependencies.rs	99	// ── String form ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tools/verita/src/dependencies.rs	112	// ── Table form ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/docs/guide/custom-admonitions.py	9	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/docs/guide/custom-admonitions.py	11	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	67	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	69	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	188	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	190	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	299	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	301	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	111	// ┌─────────────────────────────────┐	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	114	// │ ┌───────────────────────────┐ │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	116	// │ └───────────────────────────┘ │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	117	// │ ┌───────────────────────────┐ │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	120	// │ │ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	122	// │ │ └─────────────────────┘ │ │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	126	// │ │ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	128	// │ │ └─────────────────────┘ │ │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	129	// │ └───────────────────────────┘ │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	130	// └─────────────────────────────────┘	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	134	// ┌────────▼───────┐	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	136	// └────────┬───────┘	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	137	// │ ┌────────────────┐	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	138	// ┌────────▼───────┐ │Drop temporaries│	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	139	// │Test the pattern├──────►in y() │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	140	// └────────┬───────┘ │because breaking│	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	142	// ┌────────▼───────┐ │scope │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	143	// │Move value into │ └───────┬────────┘	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	145	// └────────┬───────┘ ┌───────▼────────┐	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	147	// ┌────────▼───────┐ │temporaries in │	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	151	// │out of <expr> │ └───────┬────────┘	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	153	// └────────┬───────┘ ┌───────▼────────┐	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	154	// │ │Enter <else> ├────────►	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	155	// ┌────────▼───────┐ │block │ return;	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	156	// │Continue... │ └────────────────┘	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/block.rs	157	// └────────────────┘	COMMENT

AI Slop Vocabulary12 hits · 35 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	source/vstd/arithmetic/internals/mod_internals.rs	306	/// and `r == x % n`. Essentially, this is the converse of the	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/builtin_macros/src/attr_rewrite.rs	1152	// function body, to enable seamless use of unverified call to the function in	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/builtin_macros/src/lib.rs	591	/// Below is a non-exhaustive list of supported spec expressions. Items marked with a \* utilize unverified translations	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/rust_verify_test/tests/bitvector.rs	202	ensures(forall \|i: u64\| (1u64 << i) > 0); // Although this line should be reported instead of the above line	CODE
MEDIUM	source/vir/src/resolution_types.rs	76	/// Definitely has no resolvedness, no need to recurse (e.g., &T)	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/vir/src/well_formed.rs	797	// REVIEW: not robust to normalization	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/vir/src/interpreter.rs	715	// TODO: Make the matching here more robust to changes in vstd	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/vir/src/interpreter.rs	807	// TODO: Make the matching here more robust to changes in vstd	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/vir/src/interpreter.rs	841	// TODO: More robust way of pointing to vstd's sequence functions	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/state_machines_macros/src/simplify_asserts.rs	8	/// Essentially, we replace	COMMENT
MEDIUM	source/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/check_match.rs	308	// Essentially a field access.	COMMENT
MEDIUM	examples/guide/higher_order_fns.rs	183	// Inside the closure, we have seamless access to	COMMENT

Structural Annotation Overuse6 hits · 9 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	BUILD.md	18	## Step 1: Setup Z3	COMMENT
LOW	BUILD.md	35	## Step 2: Ensure you have a recent rustup installed	COMMENT
LOW	BUILD.md	41	## Step 3: Build Verus	COMMENT
LOW	source/state_machines_macros/src/simplification.rs	180	// Step 1: Collect any field which is newly updated in any branch.	COMMENT
LOW	source/state_machines_macros/src/simplification.rs	192	// Step 2: For each field and each branch, check if it needs to be	COMMENT
LOW	source/rustc_mir_build_additional_files/verus.rs	1208	// Step 1: Get the Verus capture set	COMMENT

Example Usage Blocks4 hits · 6 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	source/rust_verify_test/tests/fndef_types.rs	999	// Example usage	COMMENT
LOW	source/rust_verify_test/tests/fndef_types.rs	1079	// Example usage	COMMENT
LOW	examples/statics.rs	150	// Example usage	COMMENT
LOW	examples/state_machines/tutorial/unverified_rc.rs	61	// Example usage	COMMENT

Verbosity Indicators4 hits · 6 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	source/state_machines_macros/src/simplification.rs	180	// Step 1: Collect any field which is newly updated in any branch.	COMMENT
LOW	source/state_machines_macros/src/simplification.rs	192	// Step 2: For each field and each branch, check if it needs to be	COMMENT
LOW	source/rust_verify/src/external.rs	645	/// So when we come across an autoderive struct, we need to check if	COMMENT
LOW	source/rustc_mir_build_additional_files/verus.rs	1208	// Step 1: Get the Verus capture set	COMMENT

Deep Nesting5 hits · 5 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	tools/verita/scripts/summarize.py	10	CODE
LOW	source/docs/guide/custom-admonitions.py	22	CODE
LOW	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	71	CODE
LOW	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	203	CODE
LOW	source/docs/guide/verus-grammar.py	78	CODE

Fake / Example Data4 hits · 4 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	source/vstd/map.rs	50	dummy_key: core::marker::PhantomData<K>,	CODE
LOW	source/vstd/map.rs	51	dummy_value: core::marker::PhantomData<V>,	CODE
LOW	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/scope.rs	299	let fake_data =	CODE
LOW	source/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/scope.rs	301	let drop_nodes = IndexVec::from_raw(vec![DropNode { data: fake_data, next: DropIdx::MAX }]);	CODE

TODO Padding2 hits · 3 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	source/builtin_macros/src/contrib/exec_spec.rs	164	// TODO: implement ExecSpecType for Option<T> so that	COMMENT
LOW	source/builtin/src/lib.rs	642	// TODO: implement this (using unsafe) or mark function as ghost (if supported by Rust)	COMMENT

Hyper-Verbose Identifiers2 hits · 2 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	tools/verita/scripts/summarize.py	502	def print_comparison_summary_md(old_results, new_results):	CODE
LOW	tools/verita/scripts/analyze.py	75	def read_json_files_into_projects(directory):	CODE

Analysis Overview

What These Metrics Mean

Score History

Severity Breakdown

Directory Score Breakdown

Pattern Findings