uber/causalml

22.5

Adjusted Score

22.5

Raw Score

100%

Time Factor

2026-07-13

Last Push

5.9K

Stars

Python

Language

26.8K

Lines of Code

115

Files

467

Pattern Hits

2026-07-14

Scan Date

0.08

HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score: Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score: The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor: The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits: Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate: High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files: Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 0HIGH 9MEDIUM 45LOW 413

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 467 distinct pattern matches across 13 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Hyper-Verbose Identifiers189 hits · 186 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	48	def test_compute_dr_pseudo_outcomes_shape(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	62	def test_compute_dr_pseudo_outcomes_recovers_ate(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	80	def test_dr_score_returns_series(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	94	def test_dr_score_ranks_perfect_model_lowest(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	107	def test_dr_score_with_precomputed_pseudo_outcomes(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	124	def test_dr_score_shares_pseudo_outcomes_with_rate_score(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	152	def test_dr_score_return_ci_returns_dataframe(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	168	def test_dr_score_ci_bounds_ordered(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	184	def test_plug_in_t_score_returns_series(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	198	def test_plug_in_t_score_ranks_perfect_model_lowest(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	211	def test_plug_in_t_score_return_ci_returns_dataframe(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	232	def test_plug_in_t_score_missing_columns_raises(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	238	def test_compute_dr_pseudo_outcomes_handles_imbalanced_treatment():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	262	def test_plug_in_t_score_handles_imbalanced_treatment():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	296	def test_dr_score_and_plug_in_t_score_all_finite(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	318	def test_compute_r_residuals_shape(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	334	def test_rlearner_score_returns_series(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	348	def test_rlearner_score_ranks_perfect_model_lowest(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	361	def test_rlearner_score_with_precomputed_residuals(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	387	def test_rlearner_score_return_ci_returns_dataframe(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	403	def test_rlearner_score_ci_bounds_ordered(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	419	def test_compute_r_residuals_handles_imbalanced_treatment():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	445	def test_rlearner_score_handles_imbalanced_treatment():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	479	def test_dr_plug_in_t_and_rlearner_score_all_finite(synthetic_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_cate_scoring.py	510	def test_compute_r_residuals_skips_propensity_when_w_residual_not_needed(	CODE
LOW	tests/test_jax_dragonnet.py	14	def test_dragonnet_jax_fit_predict():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_jax_dragonnet.py	36	def test_dragonnet_jax_predict_propensity():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_jax_dragonnet.py	54	def test_dragonnet_jax_save_load(tmp_path):	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2021	def test_fit_returns_self_regressor(Cls, kwargs):	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2028	def test_fit_returns_self_classifier(Cls, kwargs):	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2034	def test_xgb_rregressor_clone_no_kwargs():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2044	def test_xgb_rregressor_clone_with_kwargs():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2053	def test_xgb_rregressor_fit_predict_return_ci():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2154	def test_t_classifier_fail_fast_return_ci_and_components():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2162	def test_x_learner_pretrain_before_fit_raises():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2170	def test_dr_learner_pretrain_before_fit_raises():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	668	def test_explainer_auto_importance_catboost(generate_regression_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1451	def test_multi_treatment_learners():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1555	def _assert_plain_fit_predict(result, name):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1995	def test_clone_get_params_regressor(Cls, kwargs):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2009	def test_clone_get_params_classifier(Cls, kwargs):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2075	def test_bit_identical_predict(Cls, kwargs):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2094	def test_finite_predict_stochastic(Cls, kwargs):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2106	def test_bit_identical_estimate_ate_s():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2117	def test_t_regressor_return_ci_bit_identical():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2131	def test_t_classifier_clone_fit_predict():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	2140	def test_x_classifier_verbatim_store_clone():	CODE
LOW	tests/conftest.py	32	def generate_classification_data():	CODE
LOW	tests/conftest.py	51	def generate_classification_data_two_treatments():	CODE
LOW	tests/conftest.py	87	def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_features.py	7	def generate_categorical_data():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	17	def test_make_uplift_classification(generate_classification_data):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	260	def test_uplift_tree_visualization():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	370	def test_uplift_tree_pvalue_no_nan_with_sparse_groups():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_datasets.py	40	def test_get_synthetic_summary():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_datasets.py	52	def test_get_synthetic_preds_holdout():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_datasets.py	72	def test_get_synthetic_summary_holdout():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_counterfactual_unit_selection.py	15	def test_counterfactual_unit_selection():	CODE
LOW	tests/test_causal_trees.py	64	def prepare_multi_treatment_data(self, generate_regression_data, n_treatments: int):	CODE
LOW	tests/test_causal_trees.py	259	def test_unbiased_sampling_error(	CODE
129 more matches not shown…

Decorative Section Separators38 hits · 136 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1486	# ── Shared assertion helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1561	# ── T-Learner ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1609	# ── X-Learner ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1671	# ── S-Learner ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1721	# ── DR-Learner ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1775	# ── R-Learner ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1941	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1943	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	91	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	93	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	384	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	386	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	33	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	35	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	294	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	296	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization.py	62	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization.py	64	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization.py	157	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization.py	159	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization.py	221	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization.py	223	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization.py	271	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/test_serialization.py	273	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/tree/_tree/_classes.py	57	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/tree/_tree/_classes.py	59	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/tree/_tree/_classes.py	84	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/tree/_tree/_classes.py	86	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	7	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	9	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	19	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	32	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	231	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	233	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	315	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	317	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	397	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	399	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT

Unused Imports129 hits · 116 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	tests/test_counterfactual_unit_selection.py	2	CODE
LOW	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	10	CODE
LOW	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	12	CODE
LOW	tests/test_serialization_extended.py	13	CODE
LOW	tests/test_serialization.py	10	CODE
LOW	tests/test_serialization.py	13	CODE
LOW	tests/test_serialization.py	13	CODE
LOW	causalml/propensity.py	5	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/regression.py	4	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/regression.py	5	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	12	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	12	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	12	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	12	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	12	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	12	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	20	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	20	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	20	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	20	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	20	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	27	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	27	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	28	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	28	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	28	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	29	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	29	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	29	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	29	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	35	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	35	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	36	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	36	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	36	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/__init__.py	36	CODE
LOW	causalml/optimize/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	causalml/optimize/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/optimize/__init__.py	3	CODE
LOW	causalml/optimize/__init__.py	3	CODE
LOW	causalml/optimize/__init__.py	3	CODE
LOW	causalml/optimize/__init__.py	4	CODE
LOW	causalml/optimize/__init__.py	5	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/__init__.py	3	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/__init__.py	4	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/__init__.py	5	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/__init__.py	6	CODE
69 more matches not shown…

Redundant / Tautological Comments27 hits · 34 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	168	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	226	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	278	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	319	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	360	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	401	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	455	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	498	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	539	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	580	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	657	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	726	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	815	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	869	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	912	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	981	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1047	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1100	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1116	# Check if XGBRRegressor successfully produces treatment effect estimation	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_meta_learners.py	1209	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_cevae.py	54	# Check if the cumulative gain when using the model's prediction is	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	111	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	189	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	199	# Check if the total count is split correctly, at least for control group in the first level	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	214	# Check if it works as expected after filling with validation data	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	253	# Check if the features with positive importance is not more than number of nodes	COMMENT
LOW	tests/test_ivlearner.py	74	# Check if the normalized AUUC score of model's prediction is higher than random (0.5).	COMMENT

AI Structural Patterns35 hits · 34 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	tests/test_serialization.py	49	CODE
LOW	causalml/match.py	256	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/rate.py	179	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/visualize.py	17	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/visualize.py	449	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/visualize.py	554	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/visualize.py	643	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/visualize.py	692	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/visualize.py	736	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/cate_scoring.py	262	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/cate_scoring.py	390	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/cate_scoring.py	496	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/classification.py	55	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/classification.py	167	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/classification.py	171	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/classification.py	454	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	564	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	724	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	19	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/plot.py	576	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/causal/causaltree.py	29	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/causal/causalforest.py	158	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/meta/rlearner.py	32	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/meta/rlearner.py	329	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/meta/rlearner.py	436	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/meta/rlearner.py	641	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/meta/xlearner.py	468	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/meta/base.py	254	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/meta/base.py	324	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/torch/cevae.py	38	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/iv/drivlearner.py	326	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/iv/drivlearner.py	631	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/iv/drivlearner.py	701	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/jax/dragonnet.py	310	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tf/dragonnet.py	39	CODE

Docstring Block Structure6 hits · 30 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
HIGH	causalml/metrics/sensitivity.py	263	Return separate potential-outcome predictions mu1_hat, mu0_hat. Only supported for S/T/DR-learner-style objects	STRING
HIGH	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	279	Build the m-th iteration of the MIU (Model-based Imputation with Uncertainty) ensemble. This function implemen	STRING
HIGH	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	579	Train an ensemble of M MIU models and return the best one. This function implements the complete MIU (Model-ba	STRING
HIGH	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	742	Perform cross-validation to find optimal hyperparameters for the MIU model. This function performs bootstrap-b	STRING
HIGH	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	911	Train a single MIU model for a specific parameter combination and bootstrap iteration. This function is design	STRING
HIGH	causalml/inference/serialization.py	108	Load a previously saved learner from disk. Checks the saved metadata against the current environment and warns	STRING

Cross-File Repetition3 hits · 15 pts

Severity	File	Snippet	Context
HIGH	causalml/inference/meta/tlearner.py	predict treatment effects. args: x (np.matrix, np.array, pd.dataframe, pl.dataframe, or pl.lazyframe): a feature matrix.	STRING
HIGH	causalml/inference/meta/slearner.py	predict treatment effects. args: x (np.matrix, np.array, pd.dataframe, pl.dataframe, or pl.lazyframe): a feature matrix.	STRING
HIGH	causalml/inference/meta/drlearner.py	predict treatment effects. args: x (np.matrix, np.array, pd.dataframe, pl.dataframe, or pl.lazyframe): a feature matrix.	STRING

Deep Nesting14 hits · 14 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	causalml/match.py	133	CODE
LOW	causalml/metrics/sensitivity.py	574	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/synthetic.py	35	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/synthetic.py	207	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/synthetic.py	316	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/classification.py	171	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/classification.py	454	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	266	CODE
LOW	causalml/dataset/semiSynthetic.py	564	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/plot.py	69	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/_tree/_classes.py	225	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/causal/causaltree.py	413	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/causal/_tree.py	62	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/iv/drivlearner.py	99	CODE

Over-Commented Block13 hits · 13 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	setup.cfg	1	[metadata]	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	1	#!/usr/bin/env python	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	21	# directory, add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	81	# release = causalml.__version__	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	101	# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	121		COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	141	# A shorter title for the navigation bar. Default is the same as	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	161	# bottom, using the given strftime format.	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	181	# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	201	# html_file_suffix = None	COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	221		COMMENT
LOW	docs/conf.py	241	# latex_show_urls = False	COMMENT
LOW	causalml/inference/meta/utils.py	21	#	COMMENT

Self-Referential Comments3 hits · 9 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	90	# Create a synthetic population:	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_uplift_trees.py	172	# Create a synthetic population:	COMMENT
MEDIUM	docs/conf.py	6	# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its	COMMENT

AI Slop Vocabulary4 hits · 8 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	causalml/metrics/cate_scoring.py	66	"""Construct cross-fitted doubly-robust (AIPW) pseudo-outcomes for CATE evaluation.	STRING
MEDIUM	causalml/metrics/cate_scoring.py	279	"""Score fitted CATE models via the doubly-robust (DR) pseudo-outcome loss.	STRING
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/meta/drlearner.py	122	# the outcome regression, and the treatment regression on the doubly robust estimates. The use of	COMMENT
MEDIUM	causalml/inference/iv/drivlearner.py	127	# the outcome regression, and the treatment regression on the doubly robust estimates. The use of	COMMENT

Modern Structural Boilerplate3 hits · 3 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	causalml/__init__.py	1	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/_tree/__init__.py	12	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/jax/__init__.py	3	__all__ = ["DragonNet"]	CODE

Excessive Try-Catch Wrapping3 hits · 3 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	causalml/inference/serialization.py	32	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/serialization.py	61	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	causalml/inference/tree/plot.py	200	except Exception as e:	CODE

Analysis Overview

What These Metrics Mean

Score History

Severity Breakdown

Directory Score Breakdown

Pattern Findings