stanfordnlp/dspy

31.0

Adjusted Score

31.0

Raw Score

100%

Time Factor

2026-07-14

Last Push

36.1K

Stars

Python

Language

84.1K

Lines of Code

454

Files

2.0K

Pattern Hits

2026-07-14

Scan Date

0.15

HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score: Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score: The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor: The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits: Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate: High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files: Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 1HIGH 65MEDIUM 189LOW 1780

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 2035 distinct pattern matches across 24 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Hyper-Verbose Identifiers1124 hits · 1020 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	dspy/propose/dataset_summary_generator.py	30	def order_input_keys_in_string(unordered_repr):	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/propose_base.py	9	def propose_instructions_for_program(self):	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/propose_base.py	12	def propose_instruction_for_predictor(self):	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	22	def create_instruction_set_history_string(base_program, trial_logs, top_n):	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	58	def parse_list_of_instructions(instruction_string):	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	70	def get_program_instruction_set_string(program):	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	78	def create_predictor_level_history_string(base_program, predictor_i, trial_logs, top_n):	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	64	def generate_instruction_class(	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	155	def gather_examples_from_sets(candidate_sets, max_examples):	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	306	def propose_instructions_for_program(	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	366	def propose_instruction_for_predictor(	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	208	def _declares_forward_contract(self) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	228	def _validate_typed_lm_response(self, response: Any) -> LMResponse:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	237	def _validate_legacy_lm_response(	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	267	def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	466	def _legacy_prompt_from_items(self, items: tuple[Any, ...], *, prompt: str \| None) -> str \| None:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	510	def _legacy_forward_as_lm_response(self, request: LMRequest) -> LMResponse:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	526	async def _legacy_aforward_as_lm_response(self, request: LMRequest) -> LMResponse:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	542	def _legacy_outputs_to_lm_response(	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	838	def _extract_citations_from_response(self, choice):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/embedding.py	169	def _cached_compute_embeddings(model, batch_inputs, caching=True, **kwargs):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/embedding.py	185	async def _cached_acompute_embeddings(model, batch_inputs, caching=True, **kwargs):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/__init__.py	87	def configure_litellm_logging(level: str = "ERROR"):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/utils_finetune.py	131	def find_data_errors_completion(data_dict: dict[str, str]) -> str \| None:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/utils_finetune.py	164	def find_data_error_chat_message(message: dict[str, Any]) -> str \| None:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai.py	123	def is_terminal_training_status(status: TrainingStatus) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/_litellm.py	12	def _configure_litellm_defaults(litellm: types.ModuleType) -> None:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/_litellm.py	38	def is_litellm_context_window_error(error: Exception) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	47	def _is_openai_reasoning_model(model: str) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	148	def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	172	def _get_cached_completion_fn(self, completion_fn, cache):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	447	def _get_stream_completion_fn(	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	588	def litellm_responses_completion(request: dict[str, Any], num_retries: int, cache: dict[str, Any] \| None = None):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	604	async def alitellm_responses_completion(request: dict[str, Any], num_retries: int, cache: dict[str, Any] \| None = None):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	620	def _convert_chat_request_to_responses_request(request: dict[str, Any]):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	660	def _convert_content_item_to_responses_format(item: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	700	def _add_dspy_identifier_to_headers(headers: dict[str, Any] \| None = None):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	711	def _safe_litellm_exception_class(name: str) -> type[Exception] \| None:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	716	def _lm_error_class_from_litellm_exception(exc: Exception) -> type[LMError] \| None:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	751	def _lm_error_class_from_status(status: int \| None) -> type[LMError]:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	273	def _create_directory_in_databricks_unity_catalog(w: "WorkspaceClient", databricks_unity_catalog_path: str):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	346	def _validate_completion_data(data: dict[str, Any]):	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	123	def to_openai_responses_request(request: LMRequest) -> dict[str, Any]:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	163	def parts_to_responses_content(parts: list[Any]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	170	def tool_call_to_responses_input(tool_call_part: LMToolCallPart) -> dict[str, Any]:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	180	def content_block_to_responses(block: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	536	def completion_to_lm_response(response: Any, request: LMRequest) -> LMResponse:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	645	def provider_tool_call_to_part(tool_call: Any) -> LMToolCallPart:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	661	def responses_function_call_to_part(output_item: Any) -> LMToolCallPart:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	689	def extract_citations_from_choice(choice: Any) -> list[LMCitationPart]:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	704	def responses_annotations_to_citations(content_item: Any) -> list[LMCitationPart]:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	898	def lm_response_from_legacy_outputs(outputs: list[dict[str, Any] \| str \| None], request: LMRequest) -> LMResponse:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	905	def legacy_outputs_from_lm_response(response: LMResponse) -> list[dict[str, Any] \| str \| None]:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	138	def message_to_responses_input_items(message: LMMessage) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	300	def document_to_openai_blocks(document: LMDocumentPart) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	369	def assistant_tool_call_to_openai(call: LMToolCallPart) -> dict[str, Any]:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	456	def reasoning_to_responses_kwargs(reasoning: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	465	def _validate_openai_reasoning_temperature(config: LMConfig, *, model: str \| None, endpoint: str) -> None:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	488	def _uses_max_completion_tokens(model: str \| None) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	492	def _is_openai_reasoning_model(model: str \| None) -> bool:	CODE
1064 more matches not shown…

Docstring Block Structure47 hits · 235 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
HIGH	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	689	Reconstruct an LM from `dump_state` output. Legacy states without a class marker load as `dspy.LM`. Custom LM	STRING
HIGH	dspy/clients/provider.py	13	A future representing an asynchronous model fine-tuning job. This class extends `concurrent.futures.Future` to repr	STRING
HIGH	dspy/clients/provider.py	82	A job for reinforcement learning-based fine-tuning. This class represents a reinforcement learning fine-tuning job	STRING
HIGH	dspy/retrievers/embeddings.py	151	Load the embeddings index from disk into the current instance. Args: path: Directory path	STRING
HIGH	dspy/retrievers/embeddings.py	211	Create an Embeddings instance from a saved index. This is the recommended way to load saved embeddings	STRING
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1286	Create a system message for a direct LM call. A system message gives model-level instructions, such as tone, scope,	STRING
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1324	Create a developer message for a direct LM call. A developer message carries instructions that sit between system g	STRING
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1362	Create a user message for a direct LM call. A user message contains the request or data you want the model to answe	STRING
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1446	Create an assistant message for a direct LM call. An assistant message represents a previous model response. Use it	STRING
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1501	Create a tool-result message for a direct LM call. A tool-result message sends the output of a tool back to the mod	STRING
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	279	Return a new Signature class with identical fields and new instructions. This method does not mutate `cls`. It	STRING
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	308	Return a new Signature class with identical fields and `instructions` appended to the existing instructions. Th	STRING
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	363	Insert a field at index 0 of the `inputs` or `outputs` section. Args: name (str): Field name to add	STRING
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	390	Insert a field at the end of the `inputs` or `outputs` section. Args: name (str): Field name to add	STRING
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	417	Return a new Signature class without the given field. If `name` is not present, the fields are unchanged (no er	STRING
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	452	Insert a field at a specific position among inputs or outputs. Negative indices are supported (e.g., `-1` appen	STRING
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	564	Create a new Signature subclass with the specified fields and instructions. Args: signature: Either a strin	STRING
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	686	Recursively parse an AST node representing a type annotation. This function converts Python's Abstract Syntax Tree	STRING
HIGH	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	39	Wrap a DSPy program so that it streams its outputs incrementally, rather than returning them all at once. It al	STRING
HIGH	dspy/primitives/code_interpreter.py	110	Execute Python code and return the result. Args: code: Python code to execute variables	STRING
HIGH	dspy/primitives/example.py	224	Mark which fields are inputs and return a new `Example`. Fields not listed here are treated as labels (expected	STRING
HIGH	dspy/primitives/module.py	41	Base class for all DSPy modules (programs). A Module is a building block for DSPy programs that can contain predict	STRING
HIGH	dspy/primitives/module.py	226	Apply a function to all named predictors in this module. This method iterates through all Predict instances in	STRING
HIGH	dspy/primitives/module.py	280	Processes a list of dspy.Example instances in parallel using the Parallel module. Args: ex	STRING
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	92	Convert a list of dictionaries to a Citations instance. Args: citations_dicts: A list of dictionari	STRING
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	220	Build a DSPy tool from a LangChain tool. Args: tool: The LangChain tool to convert.	STRING
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	285	Execute this individual tool call and return its result. Args: functions: Functions to sear	STRING
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	346	Convert a list of dictionaries to a ToolCalls instance. Args: dict_list: A list of dictionaries, wh	STRING
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/image.py	129	Encode an image or file to a base64 data URI. Args: image: The image or file to encode. Can be a PIL I	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	12	Compute the Exact Match (EM) metric between a prediction and reference answers. Returns True if any reference exact	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	40	Compute the maximum token-level F1 score against reference answers. Strings are normalized (same as in `EM`) and wh	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	64	Compute the maximum HotPotQA-style F1 score against reference answers. Like `F1`, but if either normalized side is	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	88	Normalize text for string and token comparisons. Steps: 1) Unicode NFD normalization 2) lowercasing	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	127	Compute boolean exact match after normalization. Args: prediction (str): Predicted answer. ground_t	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	145	Compute token-level F1 between prediction and reference (after normalization). Strings are normalized (see `normali	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	184	Compute HotPotQA-style token F1 with special labels. If either normalized string is in {"yes", "no", "noanswer"} an	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	222	Compute token-level precision of prediction against reference (after normalization). Precision is (# overlapping to	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	286	Evaluate exact match or F1-thresholded match for an example/prediction pair. If `example.answer` is a string, compa	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	321	Return True if any passage in `pred.context` contains the answer(s). Strings are normalized (and passages also use	STRING
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/evaluate.py	129	Args: program (dspy.Module): The DSPy program to evaluate. metric (Callable): The metri	STRING
HIGH	dspy/predict/rlm.py	672	Execute RLM to produce outputs from the given inputs. Args: interpreter: Optional caller-owned inte	STRING
HIGH	dspy/predict/rlm.py	761	Async version of forward(). Execute RLM to produce outputs. Args: interpreter: Optional caller-owne	STRING
HIGH	dspy/predict/refine.py	50	Refines a module by running it up to N times with different rollout IDs at `temperature=1.0` and return	STRING
HIGH	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	16	Runs a module up to `N` times with different rollout IDs at `temperature=1.0` and returns the best pred	STRING
HIGH	dspy/teleprompt/bettertogether.py	211	Compile and optimize a student program using a sequence of optimization strategies. Executes the optimizers spe	STRING
HIGH	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/gepa.py	196	... ``` GEPA can also be used as a batch inference-time search strategy, by passing `valset=trainset,	STRING
HIGH	tests/mock_interpreter.py	75	Execute code and return the next scripted response. Args: code: The code that would be executed (re	STRING

Unused Imports250 hits · 228 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	3	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	4	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	5	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	7	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	8	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	22	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	43	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	43	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	44	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	45	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	47	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	48	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	51	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	53	CODE
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	53	CODE
190 more matches not shown…

Decorative Section Separators63 hits · 220 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	114	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	120	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	527	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	533	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	798	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	800	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	888	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	895	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	66	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	73	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	203	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	208	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	231	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	237	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	35	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	37	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	182	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	184	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	312	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	314	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	366	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	368	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	452	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	454	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	509	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	511	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	667	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	669	# =========================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	359	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	361	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	747	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	749	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	847	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	849	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	551	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	553	# =============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	117	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	119	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	869	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	871	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1192	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1194	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	23	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	25	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	80	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	82	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1148	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1150	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1279	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1281	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1423	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1425	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1457	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1459	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1061	# ============================================================================	STRING
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1063	# ============================================================================	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	103	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	105	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	41	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	43	# ============================================================================	COMMENT
3 more matches not shown…

Self-Referential Comments67 hits · 188 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	314	"""This method is responsible for returning the full set of new instructions for our program, given the specifie	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	334	# Create an instruction for each predictor	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	376	"""This method is responsible for returning a single instruction for a given predictor, using the specified crit	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	378	# Create an instruction history string for our predictor	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/cache.py	248	# Create a modified request that includes the function identifier so that it's incorporated into the cache	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/clients/databricks.py	299	# Create the directory if it doesn't exist, we don't raise an error because this is a common case.	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/retrievers/embeddings.py	234	# Create a minimal instance without triggering embedding computation	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/retrievers/databricks_rm.py	44	# Create a Databricks Vector Search Endpoint	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/retrievers/databricks_rm.py	51	# Create a Databricks Direct Access Vector Search Index	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/retrievers/databricks_rm.py	66	# Create a DatabricksRM retriever module to query the Databricks Direct Access Vector	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	72	# Create the program and wrap it with streaming functionality	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	104	# Create the program and wrap it with streaming functionality	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	130	# Create the program and wrap it with streaming functionality	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	123	# Create an empty instance.	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	211	# Create the directory (and any parent directories)	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/module.py	22	# Create the instance without invoking ``__init__`` so we can inject	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/module.py	297	# Create a list of execution pairs (self, example)	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/module.py	300	# Create an instance of Parallel	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/adapters/two_step_adapter.py	67	# Create a task description for the main LM	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	140	# Create a pydantic model wrapper with a dummy field `value` to parse the arg to the correct type.	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/predict/refine.py	72	# Define a QA module with chain of thought	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/predict/refine.py	75	# Define a reward function that checks for one-word answers	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/predict/refine.py	79	# Create a refined module that tries up to 3 times	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/code_act.py	113	# Define the tool functions in the interpreter	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	34	# Define a QA module with chain of thought	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	37	# Define a reward function that checks for one-word answers	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	41	# Create a refined module that tries up to 3 times	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/knn.py	23	# Create a training dataset with examples	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/knn_fewshot.py	29	# Define a QA module with chain of thought	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/knn_fewshot.py	32	# Create a training dataset with examples	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	39	# Create the mini-batch using the sampled indices	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	220	# Define the save path for the program	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	248	# Create a logger	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	252	# Create a file handler that logs debug and higher level messages	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	259	# Create a console handler with a higher log level	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	548	# Initialize optimization variables	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	556	# Define the objective function	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	568	# Create a new candidate program	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/instruction_proposal.py	82	# Create a rich multimodal examples_with_feedback that includes both text and images	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/clients/test_cache.py	244	# Define a test function	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/clients/test_cache.py	301	# Define a test function	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/clients/test_cache.py	328	# Define a test function	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_cache.py	215	# Create a new cache instance with disk cache disabled	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_cache.py	271	# Define a test function	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/test_utils/server/__init__.py	24	# Create a server log file used to store request logs	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/signatures/test_adapter_image.py	346	# Create a dspy.Image object from the PDF URL with download=True	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/signatures/test_adapter_image.py	424	# Create a dspy.Image from the file	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/utils/test_saving.py	96	# Create a custom handler to capture log messages	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/utils/test_settings.py	127	# Define the coroutines to be run	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/utils/test_settings.py	225	# Create a temporary Python file with our custom module	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	856	# Create a string just over the threshold	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	868	# Create a string with recognizable pattern just over threshold	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_base_module.py	135	# Create a temporary Python file with our custom module	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_base_module.py	202	# Create a custom handler to capture log messages	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	644	# Create a field with description and constraints	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_predict.py	607	# Define a model for datetime inputs and outputs	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_predict.py	1764	# Create an instance of the Query model	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_react.py	215	# Create a simple tool for testing	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/reliability/generate/utils.py	297	# Create a GeneratedTestCase object and add it to the list	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_copro_optimizer.py	7	# Define a simple metric function for testing	COMMENT
7 more matches not shown…

Excessive Try-Catch Wrapping120 hits · 139 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	dspy/propose/dataset_summary_generator.py	82	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	222	except Exception as e:	CODE
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	224	print(f"Error getting program description. Running without program aware proposer. Error: {e}")	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	289	except Exception as e:	CODE
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	290	print(f"Error getting source code: {e}.\n\nRunning without program aware proposer.")	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	301	except Exception as e:	CODE
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	302	print(f"Error getting data summary: {e}.\n\nRunning without data aware proposer.")	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	853	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/disk_serialization.py	64	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm_local.py	222	except Exception:	CODE
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/lm_local.py	200	def train_sft_locally(model_name, train_data, train_kwargs):	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	121	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	172	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	183	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/__init__.py	71	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai.py	109	except Exception:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai.py	119	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	257	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	315	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	394	except Exception as err:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	159	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	259	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/databricks.py	289	except Exception:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/databricks.py	298	except Exception:	CODE
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/databricks.py	263	def _get_workspace_client() -> "WorkspaceClient":	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	653	except Exception as error:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	668	except Exception as error:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	699	except Exception:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	790	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	271	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	283	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	311	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	341	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/magicattr.py	25	except Exception as ex:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/parallelizer.py	60	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/parallelizer.py	191	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/langchain_tool.py	26	except Exception as e:	CODE
MEDIUM	dspy/utils/langchain_tool.py	22	def func(**kwargs):	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/lazy_import.py	113	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/unbatchify.py	47	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/unbatchify.py	72	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	161	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	369	except Exception:	CODE
MEDIUM	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	366	def _output_type(self) -> type \| None:	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	285	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	394	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	120	except Exception:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	133	except Exception:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	141	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	222	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	238	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/chat_adapter.py	86	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/chat_adapter.py	106	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/chat_adapter.py	238	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/xml_adapter.py	111	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/adapters/_legacy_type_markers.py	86	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	41	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	196	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	89	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	116	except Exception:	CODE
60 more matches not shown…

Modern AI Meta-Vocabulary39 hits · 114 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	dspy/adapters/base.py	382	# Begin few-shot examples	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/adapters/base.py	388	# End few-shot examples	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/predict/refine.py	72	# Define a QA module with chain of thought	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	34	# Define a QA module with chain of thought	STRING
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/knn_fewshot.py	29	# Define a QA module with chain of thought	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/knn_fewshot.py	45	# Compile the QA module with few-shot learning	STRING
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/random_search.py	74	# zero-shot	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/random_search.py	83	# unshuffled few-shot	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/random_search.py	157	# Alternatively, we can keep track of the (zero-shot) number of tokens when we bootstrap.	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	365	# zero-shot	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	378	# unshuffled few-shot	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	391	# shuffled few-shot	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/copro_optimizer.py	149	# Seed the prompt optimizer zero shot with just the instruction, generate BREADTH new prompts	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	230	# Step 1: Bootstrap few-shot examples	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	256	# If zero-shot, discard demos	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	309	# Set num instruct candidates to 1/2 of N if optimizing with few-shot examples, otherwise set to N	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	310	# This is because we've found that it's generally better to spend optimization budget on few-shot examples	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	283	num_vars *= 2 # Account for few-shot examples + instruction variables	CODE
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	448	# logger.info(f"!!!!\n\n\n\n\nError generating few-shot examples: {e}")	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	449	# logger.info("Running without few-shot examples.!!!!\n\n\n\n\n")	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/adapters/test_json_adapter.py	983	# 1 system message, 2 few shot examples (1 user and assistant message for each example), 1 user message	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/adapters/test_json_adapter.py	1076	# Image information in the few-shot example's user message	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	2128	# 1 system message, 2 few shot examples (1 user and assistant message for each example), 1 user message	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	2193	# Image information in the few-shot example's user message	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/adapters/test_xml_adapter.py	214	# Image information in the few-shot example's user message	STRING
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_react.py	237	# The 3rd call raises context window exceeded error	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/examples/test_baleen.py	62	# Ask any question you like to this simple RAG program.	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	tests/examples/test_baleen.py	66	uncompiled_baleen = SimplifiedBaleen() # uncompiled (i.e., zero-shot) program	CODE
MEDIUM	tests/examples/test_baleen.py	103	uncompiled_baleen = SimplifiedBaleen() # uncompiled (i.e., zero-shot) program	CODE
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_utils.py	84	# Find the call where seed == -1 (unshuffled few-shot)	COMMENT
MEDIUM	docs/overrides/home.html	337	<div class="line"><span class="tok-cm"># Baseline 62% (gpt-5.4-mini, zero-shot)</span></div>	CODE
MEDIUM	docs/docs/getting-started/react-and-tools.md	72	## ReAct manages an agentic loop	COMMENT
MEDIUM	docs/docs/api/optimizers/GEPA/GEPA_Advanced.md	173	#### Advanced Example: RAG-Enhanced Instruction Proposer	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/build_ai_program/index.md	16	## Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/build_ai_program/index.md	18	### [Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)](../rag/index.ipynb)	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/build_ai_program/index.md	21	### [Building RAG as Agent](../agents/index.ipynb)	COMMENT
MEDIUM⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/build_ai_program/index.md	24	### [Multi-Hop RAG](../multihop_search/index.ipynb)	COMMENT
MEDIUM	docs/docs/community/community-resources.md	24	\| Building Self-improving Agents in Production with DSPy \| [Link](https://relevanceai.com/blog/building-self-improvi	CODE
MEDIUM	docs/docs/community/use-cases.md	60	\| [Moody's](https://www.moodys.com/) \| Leveraging DSPy to optimize RAG systems, LLM-as-a-Judge, and agentic systems	CODE

Structural Annotation Overuse49 hits · 88 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW⚡	dspy/signatures/signature.py	830	# Step 1: Convert camelCase to snake_case	COMMENT
LOW⚡	dspy/signatures/signature.py	838	# Step 2: Handle numbers by adding underscores around them	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	852	# Step 3: Convert to Title Case while preserving acronyms	COMMENT
LOW⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	230	# Step 1: Bootstrap few-shot examples	COMMENT
LOW⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	261	# Step 3: Find optimal prompt parameters	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	243	# Step 2: Propose instruction candidates	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/api/modules/RLM.md	64	##### Step 1: Initial Metadata (no direct access to full context)	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/api/modules/RLM.md	66	# Step 1: Peek at the data	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/api/modules/RLM.md	74	##### Step 2: Write Code to Explore Context	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/api/modules/RLM.md	76	# Step 2: Search for relevant sections	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/api/modules/RLM.md	86	##### Step 3: Trigger Sub-LLM Calls	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/api/modules/RLM.md	88	# Step 3: Use sub-LLM for semantic extraction	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/api/modules/RLM.md	97	##### Step 4: Submit Final Answer	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/api/modules/RLM.md	99	# Step 4: Return final answer	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/mem0_react_agent/index.md	27	## Step 1: Understanding Mem0 Integration	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/mem0_react_agent/index.md	59	## Step 2: Create Memory-Aware Tools	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/mem0_react_agent/index.md	129	## Step 3: Build the Memory-Enhanced ReAct Agent	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/mem0_react_agent/index.md	198	## Step 4: Running the Memory-Enhanced Agent	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/sample_code_generation/index.md	21	## Step 1: Documentation Fetching and Processing	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/sample_code_generation/index.md	198	## Step 2: Learning from Documentation URLs	STRING
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/sample_code_generation/index.md	243	## Step 3: Generating Code Examples	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/sample_code_generation/index.md	318	## Step 4: Interactive Library Learning Function	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/sample_code_generation/index.md	335	# Step 1: Learn from documentation	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/sample_code_generation/index.md	338	# Step 2: Generate examples for each use case	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/optimizer_tracking/index.md	104	#### Step 1: Access the MLflow UI	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/optimizer_tracking/index.md	107	#### Step 2: Understanding the Experiment Structure	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/optimizer_tracking/index.md	112	#### Step 3: Analyzing the Parent Run	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/optimizer_tracking/index.md	117	#### Step 4: Examining Child Runs	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	64	## Step 1: Define Our Data Structures	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	97	## Step 2: Create DSPy Signatures	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	147	## Step 3: Build the Email Processing Module	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	167	# Step 1: Classify the email	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	174	# Step 2: Extract entities	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	181	# Step 3: Generate summary	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	188	# Step 4: Determine actions	COMMENT
LOW⚡	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	196	# Step 5: Structure the results	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/email_extraction/index.md	213	## Step 4: Running the Email Processing System	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/ai_text_game/index.md	21	## Step 1: Core Game Framework	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/ai_text_game/index.md	168	## Step 2: AI-Powered Story Generation	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/ai_text_game/index.md	297	## Step 3: Game Interface and Interaction	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/ai_text_game/index.md	405	## Step 4: Main Game Loop	STRING
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/yahoo_finance_react/index.md	15	## Step 1: Convert LangChain Tool to DSPy	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/yahoo_finance_react/index.md	33	## Step 2: Create Supporting Financial Tools	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/yahoo_finance_react/index.md	88	## Step 3: Build the Financial ReAct Agent	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/yahoo_finance_react/index.md	115	## Step 4: Run Financial Analysis	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/llms_txt_generation/index.md	19	### Step 1: Define Our Signatures	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/llms_txt_generation/index.md	59	### Step 2: Create the Repository Analyzer Module	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/llms_txt_generation/index.md	107	### Step 3: Gather Repository Information	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/tutorials/llms_txt_generation/index.md	173	### Step 4: Configure DSPy and Generate llms.txt	COMMENT

Deep Nesting97 hits · 87 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	dspy/propose/dataset_summary_generator.py	48	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	146	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	144	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	306	CODE
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	155	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	856	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	24	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	48	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	620	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	305	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	51	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	577	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	776	CODE
LOW	dspy/retrievers/weaviate_rm.py	73	CODE
LOW	dspy/retrievers/weaviate_rm.py	113	CODE
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	1576	CODE
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	1635	CODE
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	1791	CODE
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	259	CODE
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	1182	CODE
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	54	CODE
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	138	CODE
LOW	dspy/datasets/hotpotqa.py	7	CODE
LOW	dspy/datasets/math.py	36	CODE
LOW	dspy/datasets/alfworld/alfworld.py	6	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/annotation.py	39	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/magicattr.py	117	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/parallelizer.py	105	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/inspect_history.py	27	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/unbatchify.py	51	CODE
LOW	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	241	CODE
LOW	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	312	CODE
LOW	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	31	CODE
LOW	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	179	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/example.py	324	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/example.py	335	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	502	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	545	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	23	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	69	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	110	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	34	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	93	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	231	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	275	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	137	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	280	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	625	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/baml_adapter.py	89	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/base_type.py	135	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	133	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	182	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/audio.py	125	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	392	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	284	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/image.py	128	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/image.py	239	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/predict.py	398	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/predict.py	141	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/refine.py	98	CODE
37 more matches not shown…

Modern Structural Boilerplate58 hits · 58 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	dspy/propose/__init__.py	3	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm_local.py	19	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	21	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/__init__.py	13	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/__init__.py	113	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	40	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	16	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	54	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/experimental/__init__.py	4	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/retrievers/__init__.py	4	__all__ = ["Embeddings", "EmbeddingsWithScores", "Retrieve"]	CODE
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	17	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/signatures/__init__.py	10	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/datasets/__init__.py	8	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	12	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/parallelizer.py	13	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/saving.py	12	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/__init__.py	26	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/streaming/__init__.py	5	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	19	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/repl_types.py	23	__all__ = ["REPLVariable", "REPLEntry", "REPLHistory"]	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/__init__.py	9	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	27	__all__ = ["PythonInterpreter", "FinalOutput", "CodeExecutionError", "CodeInterpreterError"]	CODE
LOW⚡	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	29	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	16	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/module.py	15	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/sandbox_serializable.py	38	__all__ = ["SandboxSerializable", "build_repl_variable"]	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/__init__.py	8	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	24	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	28	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/__init__.py	10	__all__ = ["History", "Image", "Audio", "File", "Type", "Tool", "ToolCalls", "ToolCallResults", "Code", "Reasoning"]	CODE
LOW	dspy/evaluate/__init__.py	5	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/evaluate/evaluate.py	45	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/rlm.py	49	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/react.py	10	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/predict.py	19	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/__init__.py	15	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/react_v2.py	16	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/code_act.py	13	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/program_of_thought.py	20	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bootstrap_trace.py	13	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bootstrap.py	33	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bettertogether.py	22	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/__init__.py	19	__all__ = [	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/grpo.py	23	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	24	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bootstrap_finetune.py	17	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/copro_optimizer.py	10	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/simba.py	14	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	25	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/simba_utils.py	12	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/infer_rules.py	9	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/gepa.py	18	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/__init__.py	3	__all__ = ["GEPA"]	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/instruction_proposal.py	10	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/gepa_utils.py	17	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/dsp/utils/settings.py	13	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	dspy/dsp/utils/dpr.py	13	logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)	CODE
LOW	tests/mock_interpreter.py	15	__all__ = ["MockInterpreter", "MockInterpreterFactory"]	CODE

Cross-Language Confusion9 hits · 50 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
HIGH	dspy/teleprompt/bootstrap.py	121	assert predictor1.signature.equals(	CODE
HIGH	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/gepa_utils.py	224	trace_instances = [t for t in trace if t[0].signature.equals(module.signature)]	STRING
HIGH⚡	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	146	assert sig1.equals(sig2)	CODE
HIGH⚡	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	152	assert not sig1.equals(sig2)	CODE
HIGH⚡	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	160	assert TestSignature.equals(TestSignature)	CODE
HIGH	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	515	assert sig1.equals(sig2)	CODE
HIGH	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	557	assert Sig1.equals(Sig2)	CODE
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	796	'{"type": "null"}], "default": null, "title": "Document Title"}, "end_char_index": '	CODE
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	799	'"string"}, {"type": "null"}], "default": null, "title": "Supported Text"}}, '	CODE

Redundant / Tautological Comments18 hits · 25 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	dspy/clients/provider.py	35	# Check if job is done	STRING
LOW	dspy/clients/openai.py	141	# Check if there is an active job	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	718	# Check if it's a built-in known type or in the provided names	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	724	# Check if it matches any known built-in type by name	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/primitives/module.py	339	# Check if forward is called through __call__ or directly	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	133	# Check if the identifier is a valid enum member value before checking if it's a valid enum	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	558	# Check if all fields are present and not None	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	561	# Check if demo has at least one input and one output field	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	193	# Check if the chunk has citation data in provider_specific_fields	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	215	# Check if the response contains citations in the expected format	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/reasoning.py	159	# Check if this is a valid string method/attribute	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	101	# Check if the type (or its origin) is a subclass of Pydantic's BaseModel	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bettertogether.py	579	# Check if this is the best score so far	COMMENT
LOW	tests/docs/test_mkdocs_links.py	9	# Read file and extract nav section	COMMENT
LOW	tests/docs/test_mkdocs_links.py	28	# Check if files exist	COMMENT
LOW	tests/reliability/generate/utils.py	278	# Check if the directory contains a program.py and an inputs directory	COMMENT
LOW	tests/reliability/generate/utils.py	684	# Read the file contents	STRING
LOW	tests/teleprompt/test_copro_optimizer.py	148	# Check if the results_best and results_latest contain valid statistics	COMMENT

Magic Placeholder Names5 hits · 25 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/async/index.md	60	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"	CODE
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/async/index.md	85	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"	CODE
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/async/index.md	142	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"	CODE
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/streaming/index.md	23	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"	CODE
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/streaming/index.md	471	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"	CODE

Fake / Example Data19 hits · 21 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	dspy/adapters/baml_adapter.py	208	# PatientDetails(name='John Doe', age=45, address=PatientAddress(street='123 Main St', city='Anytown', country='US')	STRING
LOW	dspy/adapters/baml_adapter.py	208	# PatientDetails(name='John Doe', age=45, address=PatientAddress(street='123 Main St', city='Anytown', country='US')	STRING
LOW	tests/datasets/test_dataset.py	9	dummy_data = """content,question,answer	CODE
LOW	tests/datasets/test_dataset.py	34	tmp_file.write(dummy_data)	STRING
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	258	name="John Doe", age=45, address=PatientAddress(street="123 Main St", city="Anytown", country="US")	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	258	name="John Doe", age=45, address=PatientAddress(street="123 Main St", city="Anytown", country="US")	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	265	assert '"name": "John Doe"' in user_message	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	267	assert '"street": "123 Main St"' in user_message	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	281	patient = PatientDetails(name="Jane Doe", age=30)	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	287	assert '"name": "Jane Doe"' in user_message	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	525	choices=[Choices(message=Message(content='{"patient": {"name": "John Doe", "age": 28}}'))],	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	534	assert result[0]["patient"].name == "John Doe"	CODE
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	623	user_profile = UserProfile(name="John Doe", email="john@example.com", age=30)	CODE
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	635	assert '"name": "John Doe"' in user_message	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/adapters/test_tool.py	344	assert result["primary_address"]["street"] == "123 Main St"	CODE
LOW	tests/adapters/test_tool.py	333	Address(street="123 Main St", city="Test City", zip_code="12345", is_primary=True),	CODE
LOW	docs/docs/learn/programming/adapters.md	194	"scientists_involved": ["John Doe", "Jane Smith"],	CODE
LOW	docs/docs/learn/evaluation/data.md	59	Values can be accessed using the `.`(dot) operator. You can access the value of key `name` in defined object `Example(na	CODE
LOW	docs/docs/deep-dive/data-handling/examples.md	60	Values can be accessed using the `.`(dot) operator. You can access the value of key `name` in defined object `Example(na	CODE

AI Structural Patterns20 hits · 19 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	250	CODE
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	62	CODE
LOW	dspy/retrievers/databricks_rm.py	84	CODE
LOW	dspy/utils/exceptions.py	24	CODE
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	147	CODE
LOW	dspy/evaluate/evaluate.py	71	CODE
LOW	dspy/evaluate/evaluate.py	117	CODE
LOW	dspy/predict/parallel.py	10	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bootstrap_trace.py	30	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bettertogether.py	193	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/random_search.py	28	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/grpo.py	27	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	324	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/simba.py	29	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	61	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	109	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/gepa.py	336	CODE
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/gepa_utils.py	78	CODE
LOW	dspy/dsp/utils/utils.py	45	CODE
LOW	tests/predict/test_parallel.py	156	CODE

Over-Commented Block19 hits · 18 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	dspy/predict/retry.py	1	# import copy	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/predict/retry.py	21	# prefix="Previous " + actual_prefix,	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/predict/retry.py	41	# # Convert the dict past_outputs={"answer": ...} to kwargs	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/predict/retry.py	61	# pred = self.forward(**kwargs)	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/grpo.py	261		COMMENT
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/grpo.py	521	logger.warning(f"GRPOGroup has no diversity. This could be due to low temperature, or low number	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bootstrap_finetune.py	221	# ) -> dict[str, Any]:	COMMENT
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	1	# import functools	COMMENT
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	21	# result = retry_module.forward(	COMMENT
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	41	# print(f"SimpleModule got {result.answer=}")	COMMENT
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	61	# # class AnswerQuestion(dspy.Signature):	COMMENT
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	81	# # return result	COMMENT
LOW	tests/predict/test_predict.py	241		COMMENT
LOW	tests/predict/test_predict.py	261	# content="¿Qué tal?",	COMMENT
LOW	tests/reliability/reliability_conf.yaml	1	adapter: chat	COMMENT
LOW	tests/reliability/reliability_conf.yaml	21	- model_name: "gpt-4-turbo"	COMMENT
LOW	tests/reliability/reliability_conf.yaml	41	- model_name: "claude-3.5-haiku"	COMMENT
LOW	tests/reliability/reliability_conf.yaml	61	- model_name: "llama-3.1-70b-instruct"	COMMENT
LOW	docs/docs/stylesheets/home.css	601	border-bottom-color: var(--hp-accent);	COMMENT

Cross-File Repetition3 hits · 15 pts

Severity	File	Snippet	Context
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_json_adapter.py	answer the question with multiple answers and scores	STRING
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	answer the question with multiple answers and scores	STRING
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_xml_adapter.py	answer the question with multiple answers and scores	STRING

AI Slop Vocabulary8 hits · 14 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/dataset_summary_generator.py	22	"""I will also provide you with a few observations I have already made. Please add your own observations or if you	STRING
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	66	# (e.g. the value is a JSON string), just use the string representation of the value	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/evaluate/evaluate.py	38	# available, this method will simply return the input string.	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/instruction_proposal.py	308	# instead of just the current instruction, for more holistic instruction proposals.	COMMENT
MEDIUM	dspy/dsp/utils/settings.py	153	# We check its existence and type to be more robust.	COMMENT
LOW	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	469	# Unclosed fence (just return the body)	COMMENT
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	453	"""Tests for robust fenced-code extraction."""	STRING
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_gepa_instruction_proposer.py	158	# Use a robust dummy LM with enough responses for optimization steps	COMMENT

Overly Generic Function Names9 hits · 13 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW⚡	tests/clients/test_cache.py	246	def test_function(prompt, model):	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/clients/test_cache.py	303	async def test_function(prompt, model):	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/clients/test_cache.py	330	def test_function(**kwargs):	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	6	def test_function():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	17	def test_function():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	55	def test_function():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	64	def test_function():	CODE
LOW⚡	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	72	def test_function():	CODE
LOW	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	84	def test_function():	CODE

Verbosity Indicators6 hits · 12 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW⚡	dspy/signatures/signature.py	830	# Step 1: Convert camelCase to snake_case	COMMENT
LOW⚡	dspy/signatures/signature.py	838	# Step 2: Handle numbers by adding underscores around them	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	852	# Step 3: Convert to Title Case while preserving acronyms	COMMENT
LOW⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	230	# Step 1: Bootstrap few-shot examples	COMMENT
LOW⚡	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	261	# Step 3: Find optimal prompt parameters	COMMENT
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	243	# Step 2: Propose instruction candidates	COMMENT

Hallucination Indicators1 hit · 10 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
CRITICAL	docs/docs/diving-deeper/adapters.md	147	`dspy.adapters.types.tool.ToolCalls.from_dict_list(...)`	CODE

Synthetic Comment Markers1 hit · 5 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
HIGH	docs/docs/community/built-with-dspy.md	22	\| [MedVAL](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03152) \| Expert-level validation of AI-generated medical text with scalable la	CODE

TODO Padding2 hits · 3 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	227	# TODO: implement format_finetune_data method in JSONAdapter	COMMENT
LOW	.github/workflows/build_and_release.yml	81	# TODO: Add tests using dspy-ai-test	COMMENT

Dead Code1 hit · 2 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_lm.py	1778		CODE

Analysis Overview

What These Metrics Mean

Score History

Severity Breakdown

Directory Score Breakdown

Pattern Findings