stanfordnlp/dspy

Pattern Findings

1783 matches across 19 categories. Click a row to expand file-level details.

Hyper-Verbose Identifiers1044 hits · 958 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	dspy/propose/dataset_summary_generator.py	30	def order_input_keys_in_string(unordered_repr):
LOW	dspy/propose/propose_base.py	9	def propose_instructions_for_program(self):
LOW	dspy/propose/propose_base.py	12	def propose_instruction_for_predictor(self):
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	22	def create_instruction_set_history_string(base_program, trial_logs, top_n):
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	58	def parse_list_of_instructions(instruction_string):
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	70	def get_program_instruction_set_string(program):
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	78	def create_predictor_level_history_string(base_program, predictor_i, trial_logs, top_n):
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	64	def generate_instruction_class(
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	155	def gather_examples_from_sets(candidate_sets, max_examples):
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	306	def propose_instructions_for_program(
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	366	def propose_instruction_for_predictor(
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	70	def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	147	def _declares_forward_contract(self) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	167	def _validate_typed_lm_response(self, response: Any) -> LMResponse:
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	176	def _validate_legacy_lm_response(
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	206	def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	505	def _extract_citations_from_response(self, choice):
LOW	dspy/clients/embedding.py	169	def _cached_compute_embeddings(model, batch_inputs, caching=True, **kwargs):
LOW	dspy/clients/embedding.py	185	async def _cached_acompute_embeddings(model, batch_inputs, caching=True, **kwargs):
LOW	dspy/clients/__init__.py	87	def configure_litellm_logging(level: str = "ERROR"):
LOW	dspy/clients/utils_finetune.py	131	def find_data_errors_completion(data_dict: dict[str, str]) -> str \| None:
LOW	dspy/clients/utils_finetune.py	164	def find_data_error_chat_message(message: dict[str, Any]) -> str \| None:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai.py	123	def is_terminal_training_status(status: TrainingStatus) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/_litellm.py	12	def _configure_litellm_defaults(litellm: types.ModuleType) -> None:
LOW	dspy/clients/_litellm.py	38	def is_litellm_context_window_error(error: Exception) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	47	def _is_openai_reasoning_model(model: str) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	148	def supports_function_calling(self) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	172	def _get_cached_completion_fn(self, completion_fn, cache):
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	447	def _get_stream_completion_fn(
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	588	def litellm_responses_completion(request: dict[str, Any], num_retries: int, cache: dict[str, Any] \| None = None):
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	604	async def alitellm_responses_completion(request: dict[str, Any], num_retries: int, cache: dict[str, Any] \| None = None):
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	620	def _convert_chat_request_to_responses_request(request: dict[str, Any]):
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	660	def _convert_content_item_to_responses_format(item: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	700	def _add_dspy_identifier_to_headers(headers: dict[str, Any] \| None = None):
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	711	def _safe_litellm_exception_class(name: str) -> type[Exception] \| None:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	716	def _lm_error_class_from_litellm_exception(exc: Exception) -> type[LMError] \| None:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	751	def _lm_error_class_from_status(status: int \| None) -> type[LMError]:
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	273	def _create_directory_in_databricks_unity_catalog(w: "WorkspaceClient", databricks_unity_catalog_path: str):
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	346	def _validate_completion_data(data: dict[str, Any]):
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	123	def to_openai_responses_request(request: LMRequest) -> dict[str, Any]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	163	def parts_to_responses_content(parts: list[Any]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	170	def tool_call_to_responses_input(tool_call_part: LMToolCallPart) -> dict[str, Any]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	180	def content_block_to_responses(block: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	536	def completion_to_lm_response(response: Any, request: LMRequest) -> LMResponse:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	645	def provider_tool_call_to_part(tool_call: Any) -> LMToolCallPart:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	661	def responses_function_call_to_part(output_item: Any) -> LMToolCallPart:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	689	def extract_citations_from_choice(choice: Any) -> list[LMCitationPart]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	704	def responses_annotations_to_citations(content_item: Any) -> list[LMCitationPart]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	898	def lm_response_from_legacy_outputs(outputs: list[dict[str, Any] \| str \| None], request: LMRequest) -> LMResponse:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	905	def legacy_outputs_from_lm_response(response: LMResponse) -> list[dict[str, Any] \| str \| None]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	138	def message_to_responses_input_items(message: LMMessage) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	300	def document_to_openai_blocks(document: LMDocumentPart) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	369	def assistant_tool_call_to_openai(call: LMToolCallPart) -> dict[str, Any]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	456	def reasoning_to_responses_kwargs(reasoning: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	465	def _validate_openai_reasoning_temperature(config: LMConfig, *, model: str \| None, endpoint: str) -> None:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	488	def _uses_max_completion_tokens(model: str \| None) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	492	def _is_openai_reasoning_model(model: str \| None) -> bool:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	510	def response_format_to_responses(value: Any) -> Any:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	516	def responses_tool_output_text(content: Any) -> str:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	627	def response_content_item_to_parts(item: Any) -> list[Any]:
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Docstring Block Structure46 hits · 230 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
HIGH	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	356	Reconstruct an LM from `dump_state` output. Legacy states without a class marker load as `dspy.LM`. Custom LM
HIGH	dspy/clients/provider.py	13	A future representing an asynchronous model fine-tuning job. This class extends `concurrent.futures.Future` to repr
HIGH	dspy/clients/provider.py	82	A job for reinforcement learning-based fine-tuning. This class represents a reinforcement learning fine-tuning job
HIGH	dspy/retrievers/embeddings.py	151	Load the embeddings index from disk into the current instance. Args: path: Directory path
HIGH	dspy/retrievers/embeddings.py	211	Create an Embeddings instance from a saved index. This is the recommended way to load saved embeddings
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1286	Create a system message for a direct LM call. A system message gives model-level instructions, such as tone, scope,
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1324	Create a developer message for a direct LM call. A developer message carries instructions that sit between system g
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1363	Create a user message for a direct LM call. A user message contains the request or data you want the model to answe
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1443	Create an assistant message for a direct LM call. An assistant message represents a previous model response. Use it
HIGH	dspy/core/types.py	1498	Create a tool-result message for a direct LM call. A tool-result message sends the output of a tool back to the mod
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	279	Return a new Signature class with identical fields and new instructions. This method does not mutate `cls`. It
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	334	Insert a field at index 0 of the `inputs` or `outputs` section. Args: name (str): Field name to add
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	361	Insert a field at the end of the `inputs` or `outputs` section. Args: name (str): Field name to add
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	388	Return a new Signature class without the given field. If `name` is not present, the fields are unchanged (no er
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	423	Insert a field at a specific position among inputs or outputs. Negative indices are supported (e.g., `-1` appen
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	535	Create a new Signature subclass with the specified fields and instructions. Args: signature: Either a strin
HIGH	dspy/signatures/signature.py	657	Recursively parse an AST node representing a type annotation. This function converts Python's Abstract Syntax Tree
HIGH	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	39	Wrap a DSPy program so that it streams its outputs incrementally, rather than returning them all at once. It al
HIGH	dspy/primitives/code_interpreter.py	116	Execute Python code and return the result. Args: code: Python code to execute variables
HIGH	dspy/primitives/example.py	224	Mark which fields are inputs and return a new `Example`. Fields not listed here are treated as labels (expected
HIGH	dspy/primitives/module.py	41	Base class for all DSPy modules (programs). A Module is a building block for DSPy programs that can contain predict
HIGH	dspy/primitives/module.py	226	Apply a function to all named predictors in this module. This method iterates through all Predict instances in
HIGH	dspy/primitives/module.py	280	Processes a list of dspy.Example instances in parallel using the Parallel module. Args: ex
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	92	Convert a list of dictionaries to a Citations instance. Args: citations_dicts: A list of dictionari
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	220	Build a DSPy tool from a LangChain tool. Args: tool: The LangChain tool to convert.
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	285	Execute this individual tool call and return its result. Args: functions: Functions to sear
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	346	Convert a list of dictionaries to a ToolCalls instance. Args: dict_list: A list of dictionaries, wh
HIGH	dspy/adapters/types/image.py	129	Encode an image or file to a base64 data URI. Args: image: The image or file to encode. Can be a PIL I
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	12	Compute the Exact Match (EM) metric between a prediction and reference answers. Returns True if any reference exact
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	40	Compute the maximum token-level F1 score against reference answers. Strings are normalized (same as in `EM`) and wh
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	64	Compute the maximum HotPotQA-style F1 score against reference answers. Like `F1`, but if either normalized side is
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	88	Normalize text for string and token comparisons. Steps: 1) Unicode NFD normalization 2) lowercasing
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	127	Compute boolean exact match after normalization. Args: prediction (str): Predicted answer. ground_t
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	145	Compute token-level F1 between prediction and reference (after normalization). Strings are normalized (see `normali
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	184	Compute HotPotQA-style token F1 with special labels. If either normalized string is in {"yes", "no", "noanswer"} an
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	222	Compute token-level precision of prediction against reference (after normalization). Precision is (# overlapping to
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	286	Evaluate exact match or F1-thresholded match for an example/prediction pair. If `example.answer` is a string, compa
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/metrics.py	321	Return True if any passage in `pred.context` contains the answer(s). Strings are normalized (and passages also use
HIGH	dspy/evaluate/evaluate.py	129	Args: program (dspy.Module): The DSPy program to evaluate. metric (Callable): The metri
HIGH	dspy/predict/rlm.py	625	Execute RLM to produce outputs from the given inputs. Args: **input_args: Input values matching the
HIGH	dspy/predict/rlm.py	710	Async version of forward(). Execute RLM to produce outputs. Args: **input_args: Input values matchi
HIGH	dspy/predict/refine.py	50	Refines a module by running it up to N times with different rollout IDs at `temperature=1.0` and return
HIGH	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	16	Runs a module up to `N` times with different rollout IDs at `temperature=1.0` and returns the best pred
HIGH	dspy/teleprompt/bettertogether.py	211	Compile and optimize a student program using a sequence of optimization strategies. Executes the optimizers spe
HIGH	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/gepa.py	196	... ``` GEPA can also be used as a batch inference-time search strategy, by passing `valset=trainset,
HIGH	tests/mock_interpreter.py	75	Execute code and return the next scripted response. Args: code: The code that would be executed (re

Unused Imports249 hits · 227 pts

Severity	File	Line
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	1
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	2
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	3
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	4
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	5
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	7
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	8
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	9
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	10
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	22
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	23
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	43
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	43
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	44
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	45
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	47
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	48
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	51
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	53
LOW	dspy/__init__.py	53
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Decorative Section Separators61 hits · 214 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	114	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	120	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	527	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	533	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	798	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	800	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	888	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	895	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	66	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	73	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	203	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	208	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	231	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	237	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	31	# =============================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	33	# =============================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	168	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	170	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	285	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	287	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	339	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	341	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	421	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	423	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	462	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	464	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	620	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/rlm.py	622	# =========================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	246	# =============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	248	# =============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	413	# =============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	415	# =============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	513	# =============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	515	# =============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	117	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	119	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	655	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	657	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	978	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	980	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	23	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	25	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	80	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	82	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	934	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	936	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1065	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1067	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1161	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1163	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1195	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	1197	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	847	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	849	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	103	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	105	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	41	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	43	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	80	# ============================================================================
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_bettertogether.py	82	# ============================================================================
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Self-Referential Comments67 hits · 187 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	314	"""This method is responsible for returning the full set of new instructions for our program, given the specifie
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	334	# Create an instruction for each predictor
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	376	"""This method is responsible for returning a single instruction for a given predictor, using the specified crit
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	378	# Create an instruction history string for our predictor
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/cache.py	248	# Create a modified request that includes the function identifier so that it's incorporated into the cache
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/databricks.py	299	# Create the directory if it doesn't exist, we don't raise an error because this is a common case.
MEDIUM	dspy/retrievers/embeddings.py	234	# Create a minimal instance without triggering embedding computation
MEDIUM	dspy/retrievers/databricks_rm.py	44	# Create a Databricks Vector Search Endpoint
MEDIUM	dspy/retrievers/databricks_rm.py	51	# Create a Databricks Direct Access Vector Search Index
MEDIUM	dspy/retrievers/databricks_rm.py	66	# Create a DatabricksRM retriever module to query the Databricks Direct Access Vector
MEDIUM	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	72	# Create the program and wrap it with streaming functionality
MEDIUM	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	104	# Create the program and wrap it with streaming functionality
MEDIUM	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	130	# Create the program and wrap it with streaming functionality
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	123	# Create an empty instance.
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	211	# Create the directory (and any parent directories)
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/module.py	22	# Create the instance without invoking ``__init__`` so we can inject
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/module.py	297	# Create a list of execution pairs (self, example)
MEDIUM	dspy/primitives/module.py	300	# Create an instance of Parallel
MEDIUM	dspy/adapters/two_step_adapter.py	67	# Create a task description for the main LM
MEDIUM	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	140	# Create a pydantic model wrapper with a dummy field `value` to parse the arg to the correct type.
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/refine.py	72	# Define a QA module with chain of thought
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/refine.py	75	# Define a reward function that checks for one-word answers
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/refine.py	79	# Create a refined module that tries up to 3 times
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/code_act.py	91	# Define the tool functions in the interpreter
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	34	# Define a QA module with chain of thought
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	37	# Define a reward function that checks for one-word answers
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/best_of_n.py	41	# Create a refined module that tries up to 3 times
MEDIUM	dspy/predict/knn.py	23	# Create a training dataset with examples
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/knn_fewshot.py	29	# Define a QA module with chain of thought
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/knn_fewshot.py	32	# Create a training dataset with examples
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	39	# Create the mini-batch using the sampled indices
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	221	# Define the save path for the program
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	249	# Create a logger
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	253	# Create a file handler that logs debug and higher level messages
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/utils.py	260	# Create a console handler with a higher log level
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	548	# Initialize optimization variables
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	556	# Define the objective function
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	568	# Create a new candidate program
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/instruction_proposal.py	82	# Create a rich multimodal examples_with_feedback that includes both text and images
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_cache.py	244	# Define a test function
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_cache.py	301	# Define a test function
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_cache.py	328	# Define a test function
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_cache.py	215	# Create a new cache instance with disk cache disabled
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_cache.py	271	# Define a test function
MEDIUM	tests/test_utils/server/__init__.py	24	# Create a server log file used to store request logs
MEDIUM	tests/signatures/test_adapter_image.py	346	# Create a dspy.Image object from the PDF URL with download=True
MEDIUM	tests/signatures/test_adapter_image.py	424	# Create a dspy.Image from the file
MEDIUM	tests/utils/test_saving.py	96	# Create a custom handler to capture log messages
MEDIUM	tests/utils/test_settings.py	127	# Define the coroutines to be run
MEDIUM	tests/utils/test_settings.py	225	# Create a temporary Python file with our custom module
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	522	# Create a string just over the threshold
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_python_interpreter.py	534	# Create a string with recognizable pattern just over threshold
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_base_module.py	135	# Create a temporary Python file with our custom module
MEDIUM	tests/primitives/test_base_module.py	202	# Create a custom handler to capture log messages
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	465	# Create a field with description and constraints
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_predict.py	607	# Define a model for datetime inputs and outputs
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_predict.py	1764	# Create an instance of the Query model
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_react.py	215	# Create a simple tool for testing
MEDIUM	tests/reliability/generate/utils.py	297	# Create a GeneratedTestCase object and add it to the list
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_copro_optimizer.py	7	# Define a simple metric function for testing
7 more matches not shown…

Excessive Try-Catch Wrapping122 hits · 141 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	dspy/propose/dataset_summary_generator.py	82	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	222	except Exception as e:
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	224	print(f"Error getting program description. Running without program aware proposer. Error: {e}")
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	289	except Exception as e:
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	290	print(f"Error getting source code: {e}.\n\nRunning without program aware proposer.")
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	301	except Exception as e:
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	302	print(f"Error getting data summary: {e}.\n\nRunning without data aware proposer.")
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	520	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/clients/disk_serialization.py	64	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm_local.py	222	except Exception:
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/lm_local.py	200	def train_sft_locally(model_name, train_data, train_kwargs):
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	121	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	172	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	183	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/clients/__init__.py	71	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai.py	109	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai.py	119	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	257	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	315	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	394	except Exception as err:
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	159	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	259	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	289	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	298	except Exception:
MEDIUM	dspy/clients/databricks.py	263	def _get_workspace_client() -> "WorkspaceClient":
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	653	except Exception as error:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	668	except Exception as error:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	699	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	790	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	271	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	283	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	311	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/utils/callback.py	341	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/utils/magicattr.py	25	except Exception as ex:
LOW	dspy/utils/parallelizer.py	60	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/utils/parallelizer.py	191	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/utils/langchain_tool.py	26	except Exception as e:
MEDIUM	dspy/utils/langchain_tool.py	22	def func(**kwargs):
LOW	dspy/utils/lazy_import.py	113	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/utils/unbatchify.py	47	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/utils/unbatchify.py	72	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	161	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	369	except Exception:
MEDIUM	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	366	def _output_type(self) -> type \| None:
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	227	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	334	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	120	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	133	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	141	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	222	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	238	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/adapters/chat_adapter.py	86	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/adapters/chat_adapter.py	106	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/adapters/chat_adapter.py	238	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/adapters/xml_adapter.py	111	except Exception as e:
LOW	dspy/adapters/_legacy_type_markers.py	86	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	41	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	196	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	89	except Exception:
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	116	except Exception:
62 more matches not shown…

Deep Nesting96 hits · 86 pts

Severity	File	Line
LOW	dspy/propose/dataset_summary_generator.py	48
LOW	dspy/propose/utils.py	146
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	144
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	306
LOW	dspy/propose/grounded_proposer.py	155
LOW	dspy/clients/base_lm.py	523
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	24
LOW	dspy/clients/cache.py	48
LOW	dspy/clients/lm.py	620
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	305
LOW	dspy/clients/databricks.py	51
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	577
LOW	dspy/clients/openai_format.py	776
LOW	dspy/retrievers/weaviate_rm.py	73
LOW	dspy/retrievers/weaviate_rm.py	113
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	1573
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	1632
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	1788
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	259
LOW	dspy/core/types.py	1182
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	54
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	138
LOW	dspy/datasets/hotpotqa.py	7
LOW	dspy/datasets/math.py	36
LOW	dspy/datasets/alfworld/alfworld.py	6
LOW	dspy/utils/annotation.py	39
LOW	dspy/utils/magicattr.py	117
LOW	dspy/utils/parallelizer.py	105
LOW	dspy/utils/inspect_history.py	27
LOW	dspy/utils/unbatchify.py	51
LOW	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	241
LOW	dspy/streaming/streaming_listener.py	312
LOW	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	31
LOW	dspy/streaming/streamify.py	179
LOW	dspy/primitives/example.py	324
LOW	dspy/primitives/example.py	335
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	429
LOW	dspy/primitives/python_interpreter.py	470
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	23
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	69
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	110
LOW	dspy/primitives/base_module.py	34
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	93
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	231
LOW	dspy/adapters/json_adapter.py	275
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	137
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	280
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	625
LOW	dspy/adapters/baml_adapter.py	89
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/base_type.py	135
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	133
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	182
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/audio.py	125
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	392
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	284
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/image.py	128
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/image.py	239
LOW	dspy/predict/predict.py	398
LOW	dspy/predict/predict.py	141
LOW	dspy/predict/refine.py	98
36 more matches not shown…

Cross-Language Confusion9 hits · 50 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
HIGH	dspy/teleprompt/bootstrap.py	121	assert predictor1.signature.equals(
HIGH	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/gepa_utils.py	224	trace_instances = [t for t in trace if t[0].signature.equals(module.signature)]
HIGH	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	117	assert sig1.equals(sig2)
HIGH	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	123	assert not sig1.equals(sig2)
HIGH	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	131	assert TestSignature.equals(TestSignature)
HIGH	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	486	assert sig1.equals(sig2)
HIGH	tests/signatures/test_signature.py	528	assert Sig1.equals(Sig2)
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	796	'{"type": "null"}], "default": null, "title": "Document Title"}, "end_char_index": '
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	799	'"string"}, {"type": "null"}], "default": null, "title": "Supported Text"}}, '

Redundant / Tautological Comments18 hits · 25 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	dspy/clients/provider.py	35	# Check if job is done
LOW	dspy/clients/openai.py	141	# Check if there is an active job
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	689	# Check if it's a built-in known type or in the provided names
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	695	# Check if it matches any known built-in type by name
LOW	dspy/primitives/module.py	339	# Check if forward is called through __call__ or directly
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	133	# Check if the identifier is a valid enum member value before checking if it's a valid enum
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	558	# Check if all fields are present and not None
LOW	dspy/adapters/base.py	561	# Check if demo has at least one input and one output field
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	193	# Check if the chunk has citation data in provider_specific_fields
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/citation.py	215	# Check if the response contains citations in the expected format
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/reasoning.py	159	# Check if this is a valid string method/attribute
LOW	dspy/adapters/types/tool.py	101	# Check if the type (or its origin) is a subclass of Pydantic's BaseModel
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bettertogether.py	579	# Check if this is the best score so far
LOW	tests/docs/test_mkdocs_links.py	9	# Read file and extract nav section
LOW	tests/docs/test_mkdocs_links.py	28	# Check if files exist
LOW	tests/reliability/generate/utils.py	278	# Check if the directory contains a program.py and an inputs directory
LOW	tests/reliability/generate/utils.py	684	# Read the file contents
LOW	tests/teleprompt/test_copro_optimizer.py	148	# Check if the results_best and results_latest contain valid statistics

Magic Placeholder Names5 hits · 25 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/async/index.md	60	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/async/index.md	85	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/async/index.md	142	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/streaming/index.md	23	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"
HIGH	docs/docs/tutorials/streaming/index.md	471	os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "your_api_key"

Cross-File Repetition4 hits · 20 pts

Severity	File	Snippet
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_json_adapter.py	answer the question with multiple answers and scores
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	answer the question with multiple answers and scores
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_chat_adapter.py	answer the question with multiple answers and scores
HIGH	tests/adapters/test_xml_adapter.py	answer the question with multiple answers and scores

Fake / Example Data17 hits · 20 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	dspy/adapters/baml_adapter.py	208	# PatientDetails(name='John Doe', age=45, address=PatientAddress(street='123 Main St', city='Anytown', country='US')
LOW	dspy/adapters/baml_adapter.py	208	# PatientDetails(name='John Doe', age=45, address=PatientAddress(street='123 Main St', city='Anytown', country='US')
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	258	name="John Doe", age=45, address=PatientAddress(street="123 Main St", city="Anytown", country="US")
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	258	name="John Doe", age=45, address=PatientAddress(street="123 Main St", city="Anytown", country="US")
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	265	assert '"name": "John Doe"' in user_message
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	267	assert '"street": "123 Main St"' in user_message
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	281	patient = PatientDetails(name="Jane Doe", age=30)
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	287	assert '"name": "Jane Doe"' in user_message
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	525	choices=[Choices(message=Message(content='{"patient": {"name": "John Doe", "age": 28}}'))],
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	534	assert result[0]["patient"].name == "John Doe"
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	623	user_profile = UserProfile(name="John Doe", email="john@example.com", age=30)
LOW	tests/adapters/test_baml_adapter.py	635	assert '"name": "John Doe"' in user_message
LOW	tests/adapters/test_tool.py	344	assert result["primary_address"]["street"] == "123 Main St"
LOW	tests/adapters/test_tool.py	333	Address(street="123 Main St", city="Test City", zip_code="12345", is_primary=True),
LOW	docs/docs/learn/programming/adapters.md	194	"scientists_involved": ["John Doe", "Jane Smith"],
LOW	docs/docs/learn/evaluation/data.md	59	Values can be accessed using the `.`(dot) operator. You can access the value of key `name` in defined object `Example(na
LOW	docs/docs/deep-dive/data-handling/examples.md	60	Values can be accessed using the `.`(dot) operator. You can access the value of key `name` in defined object `Example(na

Over-Commented Block19 hits · 18 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	dspy/predict/retry.py	1	# import copy
LOW	dspy/predict/retry.py	21	# prefix="Previous " + actual_prefix,
LOW	dspy/predict/retry.py	41	# # Convert the dict past_outputs={"answer": ...} to kwargs
LOW	dspy/predict/retry.py	61	# pred = self.forward(**kwargs)
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/grpo.py	261
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/grpo.py	521	logger.warning(f"GRPOGroup has no diversity. This could be due to low temperature, or low number
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/bootstrap_finetune.py	221	# ) -> dict[str, Any]:
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	1	# import functools
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	21	# result = retry_module.forward(
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	41	# print(f"SimpleModule got {result.answer=}")
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	61	# # class AnswerQuestion(dspy.Signature):
LOW	tests/predict/test_retry.py	81	# # return result
LOW	tests/predict/test_predict.py	241
LOW	tests/predict/test_predict.py	261	# content="¿Qué tal?",
LOW	tests/reliability/reliability_conf.yaml	1	adapter: chat
LOW	tests/reliability/reliability_conf.yaml	21	- model_name: "gpt-4-turbo"
LOW	tests/reliability/reliability_conf.yaml	41	- model_name: "claude-3.5-haiku"
LOW	tests/reliability/reliability_conf.yaml	61	- model_name: "llama-3.1-70b-instruct"
LOW	docs/docs/stylesheets/home.css	601	#hp-tab-optimize:checked ~ .hp-tabs-wrapper .hp-tab-panels #hp-panel-optimize { display: grid; }

AI Slop Vocabulary8 hits · 14 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	dspy/propose/dataset_summary_generator.py	22	"""I will also provide you with a few observations I have already made. Please add your own observations or if you
LOW	dspy/adapters/utils.py	66	# (e.g. the value is a JSON string), just use the string representation of the value
LOW	dspy/evaluate/evaluate.py	38	# available, this method will simply return the input string.
MEDIUM	dspy/teleprompt/gepa/instruction_proposal.py	308	# instead of just the current instruction, for more holistic instruction proposals.
MEDIUM	dspy/dsp/utils/settings.py	153	# We check its existence and type to be more robust.
LOW	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	290	# Unclosed fence (just return the body)
MEDIUM	tests/predict/test_rlm.py	274	"""Tests for robust fenced-code extraction."""
MEDIUM	tests/teleprompt/test_gepa_instruction_proposer.py	158	# Use a robust dummy LM with enough responses for optimization steps

Overly Generic Function Names9 hits · 13 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	tests/clients/test_cache.py	246	def test_function(prompt, model):
LOW	tests/clients/test_cache.py	303	async def test_function(prompt, model):
LOW	tests/clients/test_cache.py	330	def test_function(**kwargs):
LOW	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	6	def test_function():
LOW	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	17	def test_function():
LOW	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	55	def test_function():
LOW	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	64	def test_function():
LOW	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	72	def test_function():
LOW	tests/utils/test_annotation.py	84	def test_function():

Hallucination Indicators1 hit · 10 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
CRITICAL	docs/docs/diving-deeper/adapters.md	147	`dspy.adapters.types.tool.ToolCalls.from_dict_list(...)`

Verbosity Indicators6 hits · 9 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	801	# Step 1: Convert camelCase to snake_case
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	809	# Step 2: Handle numbers by adding underscores around them
LOW	dspy/signatures/signature.py	823	# Step 3: Convert to Title Case while preserving acronyms
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	230	# Step 1: Bootstrap few-shot examples
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	243	# Step 2: Propose instruction candidates
LOW	dspy/teleprompt/mipro_optimizer_v2.py	261	# Step 3: Find optimal prompt parameters

Synthetic Comment Markers1 hit · 5 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
HIGH	docs/docs/community/built-with-dspy.md	22	\| [MedVAL](https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03152) \| Expert-level validation of AI-generated medical text with scalable la

Dead Code1 hit · 2 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	tests/clients/test_lm.py	1447

Score History

Severity Breakdown

Pattern Findings