optuna/optuna

Pattern Findings

1647 matches across 14 categories. Click a row to expand file-level details.

Hyper-Verbose Identifiers901 hits · 890 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/005_user_defined_sampler.py	96	def infer_relative_search_space(self, study, trial):
LOW	tests/test_transform.py	28	def test_search_space_transform_shapes_dtypes(param: Any, distribution: BaseDistribution) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_transform.py	44	def test_search_space_transform_encoding() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_transform.py	92	def test_search_space_transform_numerical(
LOW	tests/test_transform.py	146	def test_search_space_transform_values_categorical(
LOW	tests/test_transform.py	161	def test_search_space_transform_untransform_params() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_transform.py	208	def test_transform_untransform_params_at_bounds(
LOW	tests/test_imports.py	6	def test_try_import_is_successful() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_imports.py	13	def test_try_import_is_successful_other_error() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_imports.py	21	def test_try_import_not_successful() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_convert_positional_args.py	24	def test_convert_positional_args_decorator() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_convert_positional_args.py	36	def test_convert_positional_args_future_warning_for_methods() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_convert_positional_args.py	49	def test_convert_positional_args_future_warning() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_convert_positional_args.py	70	def test_convert_positional_args_mypy_type_inference() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_convert_positional_args.py	104	def test_convert_positional_args_invalid_previous_positional_arg_names(
LOW	tests/test_convert_positional_args.py	125	def test_convert_positional_args_invalid_positional_args() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	36	def test_deprecation_raises_error_for_invalid_version(
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	46	def test_deprecation_decorator() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	65	def test_deprecation_instance_method_decorator() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	79	def test_deprecation_class_decorator() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	96	def test_deprecation_class_decorator_name() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	108	def test_deprecation_decorator_name() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	124	def test_deprecation_text_specified(text: str \| None) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	152	def test_deprecation_class_text_specified(text: str \| None) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	182	def test_deprecation_decorator_default_removed_version() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	74	def test_json_to_distribution() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	83	def test_abbreviated_json_to_distribution() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	525	def test_categorical_init_error() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	530	def test_categorical_distribution_different_sequence_types() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	538	def test_convert_old_distribution_to_new_distribution() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	108	def test_distribution_to_json() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	119	def test_check_distribution_compatibility() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	200	def test_int_internal_representation(value: Any) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	224	def test_int_internal_representation_error(value: Any, kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	234	def test_float_internal_representation(value: Any) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	258	def test_float_internal_representation_error(value: Any, kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	264	def test_categorical_internal_representation() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	330	def test_categorical_contains() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	339	def test_empty_range_contains() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	419	def test_invalid_distribution() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	459	def test_int_distribution_asdict(key: str, low: int, high: int, log: bool, step: int) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	472	def test_float_distribution_asdict(
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	570	def test_convert_old_distribution_to_new_distribution_noop() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_multi_objective.py	24	def assert_is_output_equal_to_ans(
LOW	tests/test_multi_objective.py	46	def test_get_pareto_front_trials(
LOW	tests/test_multi_objective.py	73	def test_get_pareto_front_trials_with_constraint(
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	139	def test_create_study_command_with_study_name() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	154	def test_create_study_command_without_storage_url() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	164	def test_create_study_command_with_storage_env() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	48	def objective_func_branched_search_space(trial: Trial) -> float:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	59	def objective_func_multi_objective(trial: Trial) -> tuple[float, float]:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	121	def test_create_study_command() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	183	def test_create_study_command_with_direction() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	205	def test_create_study_command_with_multiple_directions() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	257	def test_delete_study_command() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	274	def test_delete_study_command_without_storage_url() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	282	def test_study_set_user_attr_command() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	366	def test_study_names_command_without_storage_url() -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	442	def test_studies_command_flatten(output_format: str \| None) -> None:
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	611	def test_trials_command_flatten(
841 more matches not shown…

Unused Imports485 hits · 476 pts

Severity	File	Line
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/012_artifact_tutorial.py	252
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/002_configurations.py	17
LOW	tests/test_convert_positional_args.py	1
LOW	tests/test_deprecated.py	1
LOW	tests/test_distributions.py	1
LOW	tests/test_multi_objective.py	1
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	1
LOW	tests/trial_tests/test_frozen.py	1
LOW	tests/trial_tests/test_trials.py	1
LOW	tests/trial_tests/test_trial.py	1
LOW	tests/trial_tests/test_fixed.py	1
LOW	tests/pruners_tests/test_percentile.py	1
LOW	tests/pruners_tests/test_median.py	1
LOW	tests/pruners_tests/test_patient.py	1
LOW	tests/pruners_tests/test_wilcoxon.py	1
LOW	tests/pruners_tests/test_successive_halving.py	1
LOW	tests/pruners_tests/test_hyperband.py	1
LOW	tests/study_tests/test_optimize.py	1
LOW	tests/study_tests/test_study.py	1
LOW	tests/study_tests/test_multi_objective.py	1
LOW	tests/study_tests/test_dataframe.py	1
LOW	tests/hypervolume_tests/test_hssp.py	1
LOW	tests/hypervolume_tests/test_box_decomposition.py	1
LOW	tests/importance_tests/test_importance_evaluators.py	1
LOW	tests/importance_tests/test_init.py	1
LOW	tests/importance_tests/fanova_tests/test_tree.py	1
LOW	tests/importance_tests/pedanova_tests/test_evaluator.py	1
LOW	…ce_tests/pedanova_tests/test_scott_parzen_estimator.py	1
LOW	tests/artifacts_tests/test_upload_artifact.py	1
LOW	tests/artifacts_tests/test_boto3.py	1
LOW	tests/artifacts_tests/test_download_artifact.py	1
LOW	tests/artifacts_tests/test_gcs.py	1
LOW	tests/artifacts_tests/stubs.py	1
LOW	tests/artifacts_tests/test_list_artifact_meta.py	1
LOW	tests/storages_tests/test_grpc.py	1
LOW	tests/storages_tests/test_heartbeat.py	1
LOW	tests/storages_tests/test_cached_storage.py	1
LOW	tests/storages_tests/test_storages.py	1
LOW	tests/storages_tests/test_with_server.py	1
LOW	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/test_storage.py	1
LOW	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/test_storage.py	19
LOW	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/test_models.py	1
LOW	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/create_db.py	39
LOW	tests/storages_tests/journal_tests/test_journal.py	1
LOW	…ages_tests/journal_tests/test_combination_with_grpc.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_grid.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_gp.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_cmaes.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_samplers.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_base_gasampler.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaiii.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_qmc.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_parzen_estimator.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_truncnorm.py	1
LOW	…mplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_multi_objective_sampler.py	1
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	1
LOW	tests/gp_tests/test_batched_lbfgsb.py	1
LOW	tests/gp_tests/test_search_space.py	1
LOW	tests/gp_tests/test_gp.py	1
425 more matches not shown…

Decorative Section Separators40 hits · 146 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/003_attributes.py	12	# ---------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/003_attributes.py	52	# --------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/001_rdb.py	48	# ------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/001_rdb.py	78	# --------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	154	# ---------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	156	# ---------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	193	# -------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	195	# -------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/010_reuse_best_trial.py	87	# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/013_wilcoxon_pruner.py	186	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/013_wilcoxon_pruner.py	195	# -----------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/008_specify_params.py	102	# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/008_specify_params.py	104	# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/007_optuna_callback.py	17	# -------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/012_artifact_tutorial.py	440	# ----------
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/002_multi_objective.py	117	# --------------------------------
MEDIUM	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	67	# ------------------
MEDIUM	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	96	# ------------------
MEDIUM	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	151	# ----------------------------------------
MEDIUM	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	179	# -------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/002_configurations.py	45	# -------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/001_first.py	72	# ------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/005_visualization.py	172	# --------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/005_visualization.py	228	# ---------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	152	# ----------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	218	# ---------------------------------------
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	278	# ---------------------------------------------
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_multi_objective.py	46	# ╔═════╤═════╤═════╤═════╤═════╗
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_multi_objective.py	48	# ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_multi_objective.py	50	# ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_multi_objective.py	52	# value0 ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_multi_objective.py	54	# ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_multi_objective.py	56	# ╚═════╧═════╧═════╧═════╧═════╝
MEDIUM	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	299	# ╔═════╤═════╤═════╤═════╤═════╤═════╗
MEDIUM	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	301	# ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	303	# ╟─────┼─feasible ─┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	305	# c1 ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	307	# ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	309	# ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
MEDIUM	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	311	# ╚═════╧═════╧═════╧═════╧═════╧═════╝

Docstring Block Structure20 hits · 100 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
HIGH	optuna/visualization/_timeline.py	38	Plot the timeline of a study. Args: study: A :class:`~optuna.study.Study` object whose trials a
HIGH	optuna/visualization/matplotlib/_timeline.py	24	Plot the timeline of a study. .. seealso:: Please refer to :func:`optuna.visualization.plot_timeline` for a
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	55	Create a new study from a name. If no name is specified, the storage class generates a name. The return
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	135	Read the ID of a study. Args: study_name: Name of the study. Returns:
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	152	Read the study name of a study. Args: study_id: ID of the study. Returns:
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	169	Read whether a study maximizes or minimizes an objective. Args: study_id: ID of a s
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	186	Read the user-defined attributes of a study. Args: study_id: ID of the study.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	203	Read the optuna-internal attributes of a study. Args: study_id: ID of the study.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	232	Create and add a new trial to a study. The returned trial ID is unique among all current and deleted trials.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	281	Read the trial ID of a trial. Args: study_id: ID of the study. trial_nu
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	302	Read the trial number of a trial. .. note:: The trial number is only unique within a study, and is
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	322	Read the parameter of a trial. Args: trial_id: ID of the trial. param_n
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	345	Update the state and values of a trial. Set return values of an objective function to values argument.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	445	Read a trial. Args: trial_id: ID of the trial. Returns: Trial
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	467	Read all trials in a study. Args: study_id: ID of the study. deepcopy:
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	490	Count the number of trials in a study. Args: study_id: ID of the study.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	512	Return the trial with the best value in a study. This method is valid only during single-objective optimization
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	551	Read the parameter dictionary of a trial. Args: trial_id: ID of the trial.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	568	Read the user-defined attributes of a trial. Args: trial_id: ID of the trial.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_base.py	584	Read the optuna-internal attributes of a trial. Args: trial_id: ID of the trial.

Cross-File Repetition17 hits · 85 pts

Severity	File	Snippet
HIGH	tests/hypervolume_tests/test_box_decomposition.py	see section 4.2 of https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.01963
HIGH	tests/hypervolume_tests/test_box_decomposition.py	see section 4.2 of https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.01963
HIGH	tests/hypervolume_tests/test_box_decomposition.py	see section 4.2 of https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.01963
HIGH	…mplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_multi_objective_sampler.py	test samples are drawn from the specified category.
HIGH	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	test samples are drawn from the specified category.
HIGH	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	test samples are drawn from the specified category.
HIGH	…mplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_multi_objective_sampler.py	test sampling from int distribution returns integer.
HIGH	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	test sampling from int distribution returns integer.
HIGH	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	test sampling from int distribution returns integer.
HIGH	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	test sampling from int distribution returns integer.
HIGH	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	test sampling from int distribution returns integer.
HIGH	…mplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_multi_objective_sampler.py	tests fail, running, and waiting states are equally.
HIGH	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	tests fail, running, and waiting states are equally.
HIGH	tests/samplers_tests/tpe_tests/test_sampler.py	tests fail, running, and waiting states are equally.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_grpc/auto_generated/api_pb2_grpc.py	* optuna storage service defines apis to interact with the storage.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_grpc/auto_generated/api_pb2_grpc.py	* optuna storage service defines apis to interact with the storage.
HIGH	optuna/storages/_grpc/auto_generated/api_pb2_grpc.py	* optuna storage service defines apis to interact with the storage.

Self-Referential Comments25 hits · 78 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/008_specify_params.py	42	# Define the objective function.
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/005_visualization.py	125	# Define the objective function.
MEDIUM	tests/test_cli.py	322	# Create a study.
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_study.py	405	# Create a new study.
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_study.py	1150	# Create a trial to retrieve it as the `study.best_trial`.
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_study.py	1652	# Create a study and ask for a new trial.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/test_callbacks.py	24	# Create a trial and manually set it as failed.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/test_cached_storage.py	134	# Create a trial via CachedStorage and update it via backend storage directly.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/test_with_server.py	69	# Create a study
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/test_with_server.py	130	# Create a new study to confirm the study can load trial properly.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/test_storage.py	225	# Create a new study.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/test_storage.py	275	# Create a new study.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/create_db.py	85	# Create an empty study.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/create_db.py	88	# Create a study for single-objective optimization.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/create_db.py	93	# Create a study for multi-objective optimization.
MEDIUM	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/create_db.py	106	# Create a study for distributions upgrade.
MEDIUM	tests/samplers_tests/test_samplers.py	67	# This function is used only in test_reproducible_in_other_process, but declared at top-level
MEDIUM	…ion_examples/optuna.visualization.plot_pareto_front.py	32	# The following code snippet shows how to plot a 2-dimensional Pareto front
MEDIUM	optuna/visualization/_utils.py	132	# This function is not raising when target is missing, since we're
MEDIUM	optuna/storages/journal/_file.py	63	open(self._file_path, "ab").close() # Create a file if it does not exist.
MEDIUM	optuna/storages/_grpc/auto_generated/api_pb2_grpc.py	398	# This class is part of an EXPERIMENTAL API.
MEDIUM	optuna/study/study.py	803	# Create a dataframe from the study.
MEDIUM	optuna/pruners/_hyperband.py	269	# This class is assumed to be passed to
MEDIUM	…plers/_nsgaiii/_elite_population_selection_strategy.py	22	# Define a coefficient for scaling intervals, used in _filter_inf() to replace +-inf.
MEDIUM	optuna/samplers/_tpe/_truncnorm.py	1	# This file contains the codes from SciPy project.

Deep Nesting71 hits · 66 pts

Severity	File	Line
LOW	tests/test_transform.py	92
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	64
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	533
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	611
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	687
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	768
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	843
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	928
LOW	tests/study_tests/test_study.py	1087
LOW	tests/study_tests/test_dataframe.py	51
LOW	tests/storages_tests/journal_tests/test_journal.py	124
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	290
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	364
LOW	tests/visualization_tests/test_contour.py	396
LOW	tests/visualization_tests/test_hypervolume_history.py	25
LOW	tests/visualization_tests/test_hypervolume_history.py	28
LOW	tests/visualization_tests/test_hypervolume_history.py	29
LOW	tests/visualization_tests/test_rank.py	128
LOW	optuna/distributions.py	565
LOW	optuna/distributions.py	709
LOW	optuna/distributions.py	531
LOW	optuna/cli.py	82
LOW	optuna/cli.py	98
LOW	optuna/cli.py	244
LOW	optuna/progress_bar.py	76
LOW	optuna/_transform.py	175
LOW	optuna/_transform.py	246
LOW	optuna/_transform.py	269
LOW	optuna/visualization/_rank.py	117
LOW	optuna/visualization/_rank.py	308
LOW	optuna/visualization/_parallel_coordinate.py	124
LOW	optuna/visualization/_optimization_history.py	51
LOW	optuna/visualization/_optimization_history.py	139
LOW	optuna/visualization/_slice.py	183
LOW	optuna/visualization/_contour.py	109
LOW	optuna/visualization/_contour.py	260
LOW	optuna/visualization/matplotlib/_utils.py	37
LOW	optuna/visualization/matplotlib/_contour.py	81
LOW	optuna/visualization/matplotlib/_contour.py	326
LOW	optuna/storages/_cached_storage.py	89
LOW	optuna/storages/_in_memory.py	371
LOW	optuna/storages/journal/_file.py	148
LOW	optuna/storages/journal/_file.py	239
LOW	optuna/storages/journal/_storage.py	414
LOW	optuna/storages/journal/_storage.py	578
LOW	optuna/storages/_grpc/client.py	257
LOW	optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py	675
LOW	optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py	783
LOW	optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py	863
LOW	optuna/storages/_rdb/alembic/versions/v3.0.0.c.py	68
LOW	optuna/storages/_rdb/alembic/versions/v3.0.0.d.py	78
LOW	optuna/study/_dataframe.py	22
LOW	optuna/study/_optimize.py	39
LOW	optuna/study/_optimize.py	186
LOW	optuna/study/_tell.py	80
LOW	optuna/study/study.py	1204
LOW	optuna/study/study.py	1607
LOW	optuna/trial/_trial.py	624
LOW	optuna/importance/_base.py	115
LOW	optuna/importance/_fanova/_tree.py	80
11 more matches not shown…

Over-Commented Block55 hits · 54 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/001_rdb.py	61	# reproducibility, you need to restore the sampler with using ``pickle`` as follows::
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/001_rdb.py	81	#
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	81	clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	101	# from sklearn.linear_model import SGDClassifier
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	121	# trial = study.ask()
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	141	# score = clf.score(X_valid, y_valid)
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/009_ask_and_tell.py	241	# :class:`optuna.samplers.TPESampler` class can take a boolean parameter ``constant_liar``. It
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/010_reuse_best_trial.py	81	# Pass ``study.best_trial`` as the argument of ``detailed_objective``.
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/013_wilcoxon_pruner.py	181
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/013_wilcoxon_pruner.py	201	# too often, the optimization may get stuck in a local optimum, so we must tune the threshold
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/008_specify_params.py	101	#
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/012_artifact_tutorial.py	321	# Each function is as follows.
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/012_artifact_tutorial.py	421	write("best_atoms.png", best_atoms, rotation=("315x,0y,0z"))
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/012_artifact_tutorial.py	441	#
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/011_journal_storage.py	41
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/004_cli.py	41
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/004_cli.py	61	#
LOW	tutorial/20_recipes/002_multi_objective.py	121	# Specifically, in this example, we want to minimize the FLOPS (we want a faster model)
LOW	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	61	study = optuna.create_study(sampler=optuna.samplers.CmaEsSampler())
LOW	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	81	#
LOW	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	141	optuna.logging.get_logger("optuna").addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout))
LOW	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	161	# This table is from the `Ozaki et al., Hyperparameter Optimization Methods: Overview and Characteristics, in IEICE Tran
LOW	…_key_features/003_efficient_optimization_algorithms.py	181	#
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/002_configurations.py	41
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/002_configurations.py	61	if classifier_name == "SVC":
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/002_configurations.py	81	# layers = []
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/001_first.py	41	#
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/001_first.py	61	# We can see that the ``x`` value found by Optuna is close to the optimal value of ``2``.
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	141	study = optuna.create_study(
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	161	# it cannot be used for multi-process optimization.
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	181	# def run_optimization(_):
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	201	# Running trial trial.number=3 in process 4607
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	221	# it is likely to cause race conditions when accessed by multiple machines.
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	241	# x = trial.suggest_float("x", -10, 10)
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	261	# [I 2025-06-03 14:07:45,306] A new study created in RDB with name: distributed_test
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	281	# In that case, you can use :class:`~optuna.storages.GrpcStorageProxy`
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	301	#
LOW	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	321	#
LOW	tests/study_tests/test_multi_objective.py	41
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_nsgaii.py	301	# ╟─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────╢
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_brute_force.py	361	# suggest new parameters, considering the possibility for trials[1] to suggest `y`.
LOW	docs/source/conf.py	1	# -- coding: utf-8 --
LOW	docs/source/conf.py	121	# default: ``['localtoc.html', 'relations.html', 'sourcelink.html',
LOW	docs/source/conf.py	141	#
LOW	optuna/visualization/matplotlib/_contour.py	321	zmap[(xindex, yindex)] = z
LOW	optuna/storages/journal/_storage.py	321	if state == TrialState.RUNNING:
LOW	optuna/storages/_rdb/alembic.ini	1	# A generic, single database configuration.
LOW	optuna/storages/_rdb/alembic.ini	21	# the 'revision' command, regardless of autogenerate
LOW	optuna/samplers/_brute_force.py	41	# A node takes one of the following four states:
LOW	optuna/samplers/_tpe/_truncnorm.py	1	# This file contains the codes from SciPy project.
LOW	optuna/samplers/_tpe/_truncnorm.py	21
LOW	optuna/samplers/_tpe/_truncnorm.py	121	def mass_case_left(a: np.ndarray, b: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
LOW	optuna/samplers/_tpe/_erf.py	1	# This code is the modified version of erf function in FreeBSD's standard C library.
LOW	optuna/_hypervolume/wfg.py	81	# function simply becomes slower.
LOW	optuna/_hypervolume/wfg.py	161	# NOTE(nabenabe): The result of this function does not change both by

Cross-Language Confusion6 hits · 38 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
HIGH	tutorial/20_recipes/004_cli.py	56	# --search-space '{"x": {"name": "FloatDistribution", "attributes": {"step": null, "low": -10.0, "high": 10.0,
HIGH	tests/test_distributions.py	65	"f": '{"type": "float", "low": 1.0, "high": 2.0, "log": false, "step": null}',
HIGH	tests/test_distributions.py	66	"fl": '{"type": "float", "low": 0.001, "high": 100, "log": true, "step": null}',
HIGH	tests/test_distributions.py	16	_choices_json = '[null, true, false, 0, 1, 0.0, 1.0, NaN, Infinity, -Infinity, "", "a"]'
HIGH	tests/test_distributions.py	47	'"attributes": {"low": 1.0, "high": 2.0, "log": false, "step": null}}',
HIGH	tests/test_distributions.py	49	'"attributes": {"low": 0.001, "high": 100.0, "log": true, "step": null}}',

AI Slop Vocabulary5 hits · 14 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/013_wilcoxon_pruner.py	205	# Some samplers, including the default ``TPESampler``, currently cannot utilize the
MEDIUM	tutorial/20_recipes/008_specify_params.py	103	# Second scenario: Have Optuna utilize already evaluated hyperparameters
LOW	optuna/_gp/gp.py	300	# Note that we cannot just use the constraint because of the numerical unstability
LOW	optuna/_gp/acqf.py	326	# Since all the objectives are equally important, we simply use the mean of
LOW	optuna/_gp/acqf.py	392	# Since all the objectives are equally important, we simply use the mean of

Slop Phrases4 hits · 12 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/002_configurations.py	49	# Also, you can use branches or loops depending on the parameter values.
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	232	# Then, you can use this MySQL database as a storage backend by setting the
MEDIUM	tutorial/10_key_features/004_distributed.py	281	# In that case, you can use :class:`~optuna.storages.GrpcStorageProxy`
MEDIUM	optuna/_hypervolume/wfg.py	104	# which is guaranteed. As mentioned earlier, if all ``False`` in on_front is correct, the

Redundant / Tautological Comments8 hits · 12 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	149	# Check if study_name is stored in the storage.
LOW	tests/test_cli.py	1016	# Check if study_name is stored in the storage.
LOW	tests/storages_tests/rdb_tests/test_storage.py	334	# Check if Study.optimize can run on new storage.
LOW	tests/samplers_tests/test_base_gasampler.py	109	assert len(mock_study.mock_calls) == 2 # Check if only the two calls above were made
LOW	optuna/testing/pytest_storages.py	338	# Check if trial_number starts from 0.
LOW	optuna/testing/pytest_storages.py	441	# Set params to another trial.
LOW	optuna/samplers/_partial_fixed.py	101	# Check if a parameter value is contained in the range of this distribution.
LOW	optuna/samplers/_tpe/sampler.py	904	weights_below = np.where(is_feasible, 1.0, EPS) # Assign EPS to infeasible trials.

Excessive Try-Catch Wrapping9 hits · 10 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
LOW	tests/visualization_tests/test_utils.py	52	except Exception:
MEDIUM	tests/visualization_tests/test_utils.py	47	def _is_plotly_available() -> bool:
LOW	optuna/progress_bar.py	28	except Exception:
LOW	optuna/artifacts/_backoff.py	75	except Exception as e:
LOW	optuna/artifacts/_backoff.py	90	except Exception as e:
LOW	optuna/artifacts/_backoff.py	104	except Exception as e:
LOW	optuna/storages/journal/_storage.py	597	except Exception:
LOW	optuna/storages/_rdb/storage.py	99	except Exception:
LOW	optuna/study/_optimize.py	225	except Exception:

Dead Code1 hit · 2 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet
MEDIUM	tests/study_tests/test_dataframe.py	131

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