Repository Analysis

lxc/incus

Powerful system container and virtual machine manager

3.0 Likely human-written View on GitHub

Analysis Overview

This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of lxc/incus, a Go project with 5,739 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 536,507 lines of code across 1739 source files, recording 1520 pattern matches distributed across 9 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 3.0 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.

The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).

3.0
Adjusted Score
3.0
Raw Score
100%
Time Factor
2026-07-13
Last Push
5.7K
Stars
Go
Language
536.5K
Lines of Code
1.7K
Files
1.5K
Pattern Hits
2026-07-14
Scan Date
0.00
HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score
Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score
The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor
The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits
Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate
High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files
Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 0HIGH 4MEDIUM 89LOW 1427

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 1520 distinct pattern matches across 9 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Over-Commented Block1396 hits · 1296 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWcmd/generate-config/README.md21```COMMENT
LOWcmd/generate-config/README.md41COMMENT
LOWcmd/incus-migrate/cgo.go1// build +linux,cgoCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/main_forkproxy.go1package mainCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/main_forkproxy.go221 strerror(errno), sk_fds[0]);COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_sftp.go21//COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_sftp.go41// description: Storage volume nameCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go61// produces:COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go81// description: Cluster member nameCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go101// description: Status codeCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go121//COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go141// type: stringCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go161// description: Status descriptionCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go261// tarball to the client without any intermediate operation.COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go281// name: projectCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go501// produces:COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go521// description: Project nameCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go541// type: stringCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go601// swagger:operation POST /1.0/storage-pools/{poolName}/buckets/{bucketName}/backups/{backupName} storage storage_pool_bCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go621// type: stringCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go641// required: trueCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go741// consumes:COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go761// - in: queryCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go841 return response.InternalError(err)COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_buckets_backup.go861// required: trueCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/metadata.go21//COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/metadata.go41// type: integerCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/network_allocations.go21)COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/network_allocations.go41// description: Project nameCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/network_allocations.go61// example: SuccessCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/main_forkcoresched.go1package mainCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go41 Get: APIEndpointAction{Handler: clusterGroupGet, AccessHandler: allowPermission(auth.ObjectTypeServer, auth.EntitlemCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go61// name: clusterCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go141 return response.SyncResponseLocation(true, nil, lc.Source)COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go161// type: stringCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go181// ]COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go201// description: Sync responseCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go281//COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go301// properties:COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go361 })COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go381// - in: pathCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go461COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go481// - in: pathCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go641COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go661// required: trueCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go861// swagger:operation DELETE /1.0/cluster/groups/{name} cluster-groups cluster_group_deleteCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/api_cluster_group.go941 // gendoc:generate(entity=cluster_group, group=common, key=instances.vm.cpu.ARCHITECTURE.baseline)COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go41// - application/jsonCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go61// type: stringCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go81// description: Status descriptionCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go101COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go121// required: trueCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go141// type: objectCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go261//COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go281// description: Storage volume nameCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go401// produces:COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go421// description: Bitmap nameCOMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go441// type:COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go541 if b.Name == bitmapName {COMMENT
LOWcmd/incusd/storage_volumes_bitmap.go561// - in: pathCOMMENT
1336 more matches not shown…
Self-Referential Comments87 hits · 256 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMtest/suites/openfga.sh81 # Create an instance for testing the "instance -> user" relation.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_profiles.sh39 # Create a new profile that provides a root device for some containers.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_profiles.sh91 # Create a second profile.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_profiles.sh95 # Create a third profileCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/network_zone.sh11 # Create a networkCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/network_zone.sh17 # Create the zonesCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/dependent_volumes.sh30 # Create a blank snapshot on the volume if the instance already has a snapshotCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage.sh28 # Create a storage volume with a descriptionCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh246 # Create a project and switch to itCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh256 # Create a container in the projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh261 # Create a backup.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh344 # Create a new project, without the features.profiles config.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh352 # Create a containerCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh362 # Create a container in the default project as well.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh16 # Create a projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh40 # Create a second projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh63 # Create a project with a descriptionCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh79 # Create a project and switch to itCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh90 # Create a container in the projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh127 # Create a container with the same name in the default projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh155 # Create a couple of projectsCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh159 # Create a container in the projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh197 # Create a project and switch to itCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh207 # Create a container in the projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh224 # Create a snapshot in this project and another one in the default projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh286 # Create a project and switch to itCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh294 # Create a profile in this projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh383 # Create a project and switch to itCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh441 # Create a new project, without the features.images config.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh528 # Create a container in the projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh545 # Create a projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh597 # Create a couple of containers in the project.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh630 # Create a new profile which does not define "limits.memory".COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh747 # Create a custom volume without any size property defined.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh840 # Create a couple of containers in the project.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh874 # Create a project and switch to itCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/projects.sh1071 # Create a profile defining resource allocationsCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/clustering_instance_placement_scriptlet.sh136 # Create an instanceCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/image.sh165 # Create an alias for the received imageCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/backup.sh334 # Create a projectsCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/backup.sh527 # Create a projectCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/backup.sh675 # Create a project.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/backup.sh1017 # Create an instance with snapshot.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/filemanip.sh239 # Create a new empty file.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/filemanip.sh268 # Create a directory and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/filemanip.sh281 # Create a symlink and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/filemanip.sh297 # Create a symlink to a directory and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/filemanip.sh329 # Create a directory and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/filemanip.sh342 # Create a symlink and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/filemanip.sh354 # Create a symlink to a directory and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_volume_filemanip.sh114 # Create a new empty file.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_volume_filemanip.sh143 # Create a directory and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_volume_filemanip.sh156 # Create a symlink and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_volume_filemanip.sh172 # Create a symlink to a directory and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_volume_filemanip.sh204 # Create a directory and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_volume_filemanip.sh217 # Create a symlink and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/storage_volume_filemanip.sh229 # Create a symlink to a directory and play with our options.COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/clustering.sh216 # Create a pending network and pool, to show that they are notCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/clustering.sh472 # Create a container on node1 using the image that was stored onCOMMENT
MEDIUMtest/suites/clustering.sh479 # Create a container on node1 using a snapshot from node2.COMMENT
27 more matches not shown…
Synthetic Comment Markers4 hits · 28 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
HIGHcmd/incusd/network_peers.go214 // Use fmt.Errorf as requested, though logging might be preferable in some contexts.COMMENT
HIGHinternal/server/db/cluster/schema.go5// This code was generated by the schema.DotGo function. If you need toCOMMENT
HIGHinternal/server/db/schema/update.go66 "// This code was generated by the schema.DotGo function. If you need to\n" +CODE
HIGHinternal/server/db/node/schema.go5// This code was generated by the schema.DotGo function. If you need toCOMMENT
Redundant / Tautological Comments13 hits · 20 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWtest/suites/container_devices_gpu.sh42 # Check if nvidia GPU exists.COMMENT
LOWtest/suites/migration.sh327 # Check if the file got refreshed to a different remote.COMMENT
LOWtest/suites/migration.sh335 # Check if the file got refreshed locally.COMMENT
LOWtest/suites/image_acl.sh18 # Check if the ACLs are still presentCOMMENT
LOWtest/suites/backup.sh595 # Check if hyphens cause issues when creating backupsCOMMENT
LOWtest/suites/kernel_limits.sh6 # Set it to a limit < 65536 because older systemd's do not have my nofileCOMMENT
LOWtest/suites/incremental_copy.sh35 # Set size to check this is supported during copy.COMMENT
LOWtest/suites/clustering.sh814 # Set member_config to match `spawn_incus_and_join_cluster` for 'data' and `driver_config` for 'pool1'.COMMENT
LOWtest/suites/remote.sh93 # Check if we can see instancesCOMMENT
LOWtest/suites/remote.sh109 # Check if we can see instances in the foo projectCOMMENT
LOWtest/suites/remote.sh112 # Check if we can see instances in the default project (this should fail)COMMENT
LOWtest/includes/storage.sh143# Check if block.create_options are applied.COMMENT
LOWtest/includes/incusd.sh135 # Check if already killedCOMMENT
Fake / Example Data11 hits · 16 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go100 Name: "John Doe",CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go104 setFieldByJSONTag(&ts, "name", "Jane Doe")CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go105 s.Equal("Jane Doe", ts.Name)CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go110 Name: "John Doe",CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go114 setFieldByJSONTag(&ts, "invalid name", "Jane Doe")CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go115 s.NotEqual(ts.Name, "Jane Doe")CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go120 Name: "John Doe",CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go131 Name: "John Doe",CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go150 "name": "John Doe",CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go160 s.Equal("John Doe", ws.Name)CODE
LOWcmd/incus/utils_properties_test.go170 "name": "John Doe",CODE
Slop Phrases3 hits · 7 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMtest/mini-oidc/storage/storage.go20// the corresponding private key is in the service-key1.json (for demonstration purposes)COMMENT
MEDIUMtest/mini-oidc/storage/storage.go159 // for demonstration purposes we'll check we'll have a simple user store andCOMMENT
LOW…/server/instance/drivers/agent-loader/install-macos.sh35echo "Don't forget to allow full disk access to sh."CODE
AI Slop Vocabulary2 hits · 3 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWtest/suites/init_preseed.sh16 # creating a zfs storage pool, otherwise just use dir.COMMENT
LOWtest/suites/storage_driver_truenas.sh194 # FIXME: when deletes aren't so slow, just use `incus rm -f c1 c3 c11 c21 c4 c5`COMMENT
Unused Imports3 hits · 3 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWdoc/conf.py1CODE
LOWdoc/conf.py4CODE
LOWdoc/conf.py6CODE
Verbosity Indicators1 hit · 2 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOW…ernal/server/storage/drivers/driver_linstor_volumes.go933 // snapshot, we need to check if the given snapshot is the latest one.COMMENT