A suite of WiFi/Bluetooth offensive and defensive tools for the ESP32
This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of justcallmekoko/ESP32Marauder, a C++ project with 12,154 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 50,828 lines of code across 150 source files, recording 469 pattern matches distributed across 7 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 8.2 places this repository in the Low AI signal band.
The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).
This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.
Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.
This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.
The scanner identified 469 distinct pattern matches across 7 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.
Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 1 | // USER DEFINED SETTINGS | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 21 | // Only define one driver, the other ones must be commented out | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 41 | // #define TFT_SDA_READ // This option is for ESP32 ONLY, tested with ST7789 display only | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 61 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 81 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 101 | // | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 121 | // The NodeMCU D0 pin can be used for RST | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 141 | //#define TFT_WR PIN_D2 // Write strobe for modified Raspberry Pi TFT only | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 161 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 181 | #define TFT_RST -1 // Reset pin (could connect to NodeMCU RST, see next line) | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 201 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 221 | // The library supports 8 bit parallel TFTs with the ESP32, the pin | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 241 | //#define TFT_D2 26 // Pins can be randomly assigned, this does not affect | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 261 | #define LOAD_FONT2 // Font 2. Small 16 pixel high font, needs ~3534 bytes in FLASH, 96 characters | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 281 | // fast and the TFT driver will not keep up and display corruption appears. | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_dual_nrf24.h | 301 | // If the VSPI port is in use and pins are not accessible (e.g. TTGO T-Beam) | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 1 | // USER DEFINED SETTINGS | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 21 | // Only define one driver, the other ones must be commented out | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 41 | // #define TFT_SDA_READ // This option is for ESP32 ONLY, tested with ST7789 display only | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 61 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 81 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 101 | // | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 121 | // The NodeMCU D0 pin can be used for RST | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 141 | //#define TFT_WR PIN_D2 // Write strobe for modified Raspberry Pi TFT only | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 161 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 181 | #define TFT_SCLK 14 | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 201 | //#define TFT_RST -1 // Set TFT_RST to -1 if display RESET is connected to ESP32 board RST | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 221 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 241 | //#define TFT_D1 13 // so a single register write sets/clears all bits. | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 261 | #define LOAD_GLCD // Font 1. Original Adafruit 8 pixel font needs ~1820 bytes in FLASH | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 281 | // Define the SPI clock frequency, this affects the graphics rendering speed. Too | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_cyd_2usb.h | 301 | // The ESP32 has 2 free SPI ports i.e. VSPI and HSPI, the VSPI is the default. | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 1 | // USER DEFINED SETTINGS | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 21 | //#define ILI9163_DRIVER // Define additional parameters below for this display | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 41 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 61 | // e.g. colours wrong, mirror images, or tray pixels at the edges. | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 81 | // If a backlight control signal is available then define the TFT_BL pin in Section 2 | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 101 | // Display SDI/MOSI to NodeMCU pin D7 | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 121 | // If 5V is not available at a pin you can use 3.3V but backlight brightness | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 141 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 161 | #define TFT_MISO 19 // Matching T_DO | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 181 | //#define TFT_RST 33 // Reset pin (could connect to Arduino RESET pin) | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 201 | //#define TFT_WR 4 // Write strobe control pin - must use a pin in the range 0-31 | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 221 | // The ESP8366 and ESP32 have plenty of memory so commenting out fonts is not | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 241 | // Section 4. Other options | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup.h | 261 | #define SPI_READ_FREQUENCY 20000000 | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 1 | // USER DEFINED SETTINGS | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 21 | // Section 1. Call up the right driver file and any options for it | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 41 | //#defined TFT_PARALLEL_16_BIT // **** 16 bit parallel ONLY for RP2040 processor **** | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 61 | //#define ST7796_DRIVER | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 81 | // For M5Stack ESP32 module with integrated ILI9341 display ONLY, remove // in line below | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 101 | // Comment out ALL BUT ONE of these options for a ST7735 display driver, save this | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 121 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 141 | // | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 161 | // The NodeMCU D0 pin can be used for RST | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 181 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 201 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 221 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 241 | #define TFT_DC 14 // Data Command control pin | COMMENT |
| LOW | User_Setup_marauder_m5stickcp2.h | 261 | //#define TFT_RST 32 // Reset pin, toggles on startup | COMMENT |
| 373 more matches not shown… | ||||
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 40 | def make_fake_properties_build(root: Path) -> Path: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 55 | def test_registry_contains_unique_complete_build_targets(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 84 | def test_public_targets_keep_their_release_partition_layouts(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 117 | def test_build_matrix_parser_fails_closed_on_unsupported_syntax(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 125 | def test_generates_hashed_update_and_factory_segments_from_flash_args(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 155 | def test_fails_closed_without_actual_flash_arguments(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 168 | def test_generates_from_expanded_arduino_upload_properties(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 193 | def test_combiner_requires_complete_registry_coverage(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 199 | def test_combines_complete_stable_release(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 227 | def test_combiner_rejects_target_identity_drift(self) -> None: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_whole_source_coverage.py | 9 | def test_honors_gcovr_line_and_block_exclusions(self): | CODE |
| LOW | tools/installer_manifest.py | 119 | def parse_workflow_flow_mapping(body: str, line_number: int) -> dict[str, Any]: | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_t_dongle_hardware.py | 10 | def test_t_dongle_enables_uart_gps_header(self): | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_t_dongle_hardware.py | 31 | def test_t_dongle_led_uses_guarded_reference_library(self): | CODE |
| LOW | tools/test_spiffs_machine_protocol.py | 10 | def test_protocol_is_versioned_framed_and_transactional(self): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | tools/test_spiffs_machine_protocol.py | 23 | def test_machine_restore_acknowledges_reboot(self): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | tools/test_spiffs_machine_protocol.py | 33 | def test_backup_status_measures_the_activated_backup(self): | CODE |
| LOW | esp32_marauder/EvilPortal.h | 75 | class CaptiveRequestHandler : public AsyncWebHandler { | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | C5_Py_Flasher_for_mini_v3/c5_flasher.py | 160 | except Exception as e: | CODE |
| MEDIUM | C5_Py_Flasher_for_mini_v3/c5_flasher.py | 12 | def ensure_package(pkg): | CODE |
| LOW | C5_Py_Flasher_for_adapter/c5_flasher.py | 160 | except Exception as e: | CODE |
| MEDIUM | C5_Py_Flasher_for_adapter/c5_flasher.py | 12 | def ensure_package(pkg): | CODE |
| LOW | C5_Py_Flasher_for_v8/c5_flasher.py | 160 | except Exception as e: | CODE |
| MEDIUM | C5_Py_Flasher_for_v8/c5_flasher.py | 12 | def ensure_package(pkg): | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | esp32_marauder/WiFiScan.cpp | 6982 | // ── RSN IE (Tag 48) — indicates WPA2/WPA3 ──────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | esp32_marauder/WiFiScan.cpp | 7028 | // ── WPA IE (Tag 221, OUI 00:50:F2:01) — indicates WPA1 ─────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | esp32_marauder/WiFiScan.cpp | 7069 | // ── Security type decision tree (most specific first) ──────────── | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIGH⚡ | tools/test_spiffs_machine_protocol.py | 31 | self.assertIn("if (success && operation == 2)", restore[success:restart]) | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tools/test_installer_manifest.py | 1 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/installer_manifest.py | 4 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/whole_source_coverage.py | 11 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/whole_source_coverage.py | 14 | CODE | |
| LOW | C5_Py_Flasher_for_mini_v3/c5_flasher.py | 6 | CODE | |
| LOW | C5_Py_Flasher_for_adapter/c5_flasher.py | 6 | CODE | |
| LOW | C5_Py_Flasher_for_v8/c5_flasher.py | 6 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tools/installer_manifest.py | 223 | CODE |