Repository Analysis

ipxe/ipxe

iPXE network bootloader

4.5 Likely human-written View on GitHub

Analysis Overview

This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of ipxe/ipxe, a C project with 2,029 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 687,237 lines of code across 2028 source files, recording 3578 pattern matches distributed across 9 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 4.5 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.

The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).

4.5
Adjusted Score
4.5
Raw Score
100%
Time Factor
2026-08-09
Last Push
2.0K
Stars
C
Language
687.2K
Lines of Code
2.0K
Files
3.6K
Pattern Hits
2026-08-09
Scan Date
0.00
HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score
Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score
The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor
The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits
Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate
High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files
Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

Longitudinal tracking requires multiple scan runs. Once this repository is re-scanned after new commits land, this chart will visualise how the synthetic code signal evolves over time — enabling you to detect whether AI authorship is growing, stabilising, or being actively corrected by human engineers.

No multi-scan history yet — run the scanner again to build trend data.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 0HIGH 1MEDIUM 136LOW 3441

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 3578 distinct pattern matches across 9 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Over-Commented Block3432 hits · 2734 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1# You may now use double quotes around pathnames, in caseCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt21#=======================================================================COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt41COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt61# rfb provides an interface to AT&T's VNC viewer, cross platformCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt81# "timeout" - time (in seconds) to wait for client (rfb, vncsrv)COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt101# on desktop window sizeCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt121# pentium_mmx Intel Pentium MMXCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt141# corei7_ivy_bridge_3770k Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770K CPU (Ivy Bridge)COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt161# to disable CPU features(s) to see if they responsible for the failures.COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt181#COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt201# is capable of running on your machine. You can recompile Bochs withCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt221cpu: model=core2_penryn_t9600, count=1, ips=50000000, reset_on_triple_fault=1, ignore_bad_msrs=1, msrs="msrs.def"COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt241# Memory block size select granularity of host memory allocation. VeryCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt261# Name of the BIOS image file. You can use the environment variable $BXSHARECOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt281#romimage: file=$BXSHARE/BIOS-bochs-latest, options=fastbootCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt301COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt321#optramimage3: file=/path/file3.img, address=0x0030000COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt341# REALTIMECOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt361COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt381#COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt401#COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt421# keyboard: user_shortcut=ctrl-alt-delCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt441# Unless you have a particular reason for enabling the mouse by default,COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt461# This defines the parameters to set up the Bochs PCI emulation:COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt481# ADVOPTS:COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt501# value and no host time synchronization is used. The 'slowdown' methodCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt521# clock: sync=[none|slowdown|realtime|both], time0=[timeValue|local|utc]COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt541# to the clock option is used. With 'rtc_init=image' the image is the sourceCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt561COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt581# The path should be the name of a disk image file. On Unix, you can use a rawCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt601# See FLOPPYA above for syntaxCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt621# ata3: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x168, ioaddr2=0x360, irq=9COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt641# translation=type of translation of the bios, only for disks [none|lba|large|rechs|auto]COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt661# from the image must be exactly C*H*S*512.COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt681#ata0-slave: type=disk, mode=vvfat, path=/bochs/images/vvfat, journal=vvfat.redologCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt701boot: network, floppyCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt721# log: ./bochs.outCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt741#logprefix: %t%e%dCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt761# It is also possible to specify the 'action' to do for each Bochs facilityCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt781# Examples:COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt801# opens socket/named pipe and waits until a client application connects to itCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt821#=======================================================================COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt841# SOUND:COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt861# midioutdrv:COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt881# is generated by the square wave generator which is a part of theCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt901# 0 = no outputCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt921# microseconds per second for a DMA cycle. Make it smaller to fixCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt941# es1370: enabled=1, wavemode=1 # use 'sound' parametersCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt961# IOADDR, IRQ: You probably won't need to change ioaddr and irq, unless thereCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt981# this script to configure this network interface, or enable masquerading.COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1001# DHCP assigns 192.168.10.15 to the guest.COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1021COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1041# The E1000 accepts the same syntax (for card, mac, ethmod, ethdev, script,COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1061# To connect a disk image as a USB hardisk you can use the 'disk' device. UseCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1081# configuration.COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1101# supported (can fix hw detection in some guest OS). The USB floppy alsoCOMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1121COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1141#=======================================================================COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1161# The xHCI also allows for different host controllers using the model=COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1181# Triggers:COMMENT
3372 more matches not shown…
Decorative Section Separators133 hits · 320 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt280#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt289#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt295#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt302#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt312#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt533#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt536#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt546#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt549#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt559#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt562#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt589#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt599#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt602#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt606#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt698#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt703#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt710#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt713#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt723#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt727#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt770#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt776#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt783#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt788#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt875#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt878#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt887#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt891#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1022#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1031#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1034#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1044#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1048#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1122#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1128#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1132#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1141#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1148#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1191#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1194#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1198#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1201#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1206#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1209#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1226#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1229#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1238#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1243#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1257#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1260#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1270#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1273#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1281#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1285#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1292#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1294#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1300#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt4#=======================================================================COMMENT
MEDIUMcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt17#=======================================================================COMMENT
73 more matches not shown…
Slop Phrases3 hits · 9 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMsrc/doxygen.cfg570# If the value of the INPUT tag contains directories, you can use theCOMMENT
MEDIUMsrc/doxygen.cfg599# If the value of the INPUT tag contains directories, you can use theCOMMENT
MEDIUMsrc/doxygen.cfg621# If the value of the EXAMPLE_PATH tag contains directories, you can use theCOMMENT
Synthetic Comment Markers1 hit · 8 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
HIGHsrc/include/ipxe/efi/Protocol/MpService.h641/// whenever the APs are disabled or the APs are not executing code as requestedCOMMENT
Redundant / Tautological Comments3 hits · 4 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/doxygen.cfg356# Set it to YES to include the internal documentation.COMMENT
LOWsrc/util/relicense.pl64 # Read file to determine existing licenceCOMMENT
LOWsrc/util/licence.pl172# Print resulting licenceCOMMENT
Structural Annotation Overuse2 hits · 2 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1197# WARNING: This Bochs feature is not maintained yet and may fail.COMMENT
LOWcontrib/vm/bochsrc.txt1205# WARNING: This Bochs feature is not maintained yet and may fail.COMMENT
Hyper-Verbose Identifiers2 hits · 2 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/util/niclist.pl557function(){var parsers=[],widgets=[];this.defaults={cssHeader:"header",cssAsc:"headerSortUp",cssDesc:"headerSortDown",csCODE
LOWsrc/util/niclist.pl558var firstAvailCol;if(typeof(matrix[rowIndex])=="undefined"){matrix[rowIndex]=[];}for(var k=0;k<matrix[rowIndex].length+1CODE
Unused Imports1 hit · 1 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/util/genkeymap.py22CODE
Deep Nesting1 hit · 1 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/util/genkeymap.py287CODE