An IPFS implementation in Go
This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of ipfs/kubo, a Go project with 17,081 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 156,750 lines of code across 793 source files, recording 181 pattern matches distributed across 11 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 2.4 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.
The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).
This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.
Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.
This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.
The scanner identified 181 distinct pattern matches across 11 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.
Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 10 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 12 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 83 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 85 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 128 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 131 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 206 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 209 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 292 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 294 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 324 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 327 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 342 | # ============================================================================= | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 466 | # ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 497 | # ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 521 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 573 | # ============================================================================= | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 599 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 601 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 616 | # ============================================================================= | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 646 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 649 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 740 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 742 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 773 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 775 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 807 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 809 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 890 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 892 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 908 | # ============================================================================= | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0109-gateway-web-_redirects.sh | 10 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0109-gateway-web-_redirects.sh | 12 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 10 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 12 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 30 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 32 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 68 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 70 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 109 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 111 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 160 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0115-gateway-dir-listing.sh | 162 | ## ============================================================================ | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tracing/doc.go | 1 | // Package tracing contains the tracing logic for go-ipfs, including configuring the tracer and | COMMENT |
| LOW | tracing/doc.go | 21 | // - OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL | COMMENT |
| LOW | tracing/doc.go | 41 | // a full Jaeger stack and configure Kubo to publish traces to it: | COMMENT |
| LOW | tracing/doc.go | 61 | // | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/builder.go | 21 | type FXNodeInfo struct { | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/builder.go | 141 | // TODO: How soon will bootstrap move to libp2p? | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/corehttp/gateway.go | 281 | }) | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/corehttp/corehttp.go | 81 | // Serve accepts incoming HTTP connections on the listener and passes them | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/coreiface/unixfs.go | 81 | Get(context.Context, path.Path) (files.Node, error) | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/coreiface/unixfs.go | 101 | Ls(context.Context, path.Path, chan<- DirEntry, ...options.UnixfsLsOption) error | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/coreiface/name.go | 21 | // IPNS is a PKI namespace, where names are the hashes of public keys, and the | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/commands/provide.go | 201 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | core/commands/provide.go | 781 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | core/commands/refs.go | 221 | var count int | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/commands/dag/import.go | 121 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | core/commands/dag/export.go | 141 | } | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/commands/cmdenv/cidbase.go | 61 | } | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/commands/cmdenv/env.go | 101 | // - If Provide.DHT.SweepEnabled=true or OptimisticProvide=true, we make an | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/commands/cmdenv/env.go | 121 | // - wait: whether to block until provide completes (sync mode) | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/commands/cmdenv/env.go | 201 | // Context handling: | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/provider.go | 101 | const consecutiveAlertsThreshold = 3 | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/provider.go | 121 | // can happen if the provider is closed or if the node is currently Offline | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/provider.go | 141 | // The keys are not deleted from the keystore, so they will continue to be | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/provider.go | 661 | // In no-schedule mode the on-disk keystore is never used. If a | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/provider.go | 721 | } | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/provider.go | 1321 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | core/node/p2pforge_resolver.go | 21 | // falls back to network DNS. This ensures future <peerID>.libp2p.direct records | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/libp2p/routingopt.go | 321 | ) | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/libp2p/addrs.go | 61 | // listenAddrs must be already-resolved interface addresses (output of | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/libp2p/addrs.go | 141 | return "", false | COMMENT |
| LOW | core/node/libp2p/addrs.go | 201 | // MonitorDeadListeners runs findDeadListeners at startup and on every | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/ipfs-test-lib.sh | 81 | } | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/sharness/t0051-object.sh | 41 | # only manipulates ProtoNode links without updating UnixFS metadata. | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/sharness/t0095-refs.sh | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/sharness/t0095-refs.sh | 21 | # L2- D 1.txt B 2.txt | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/sharness/t0095-refs.sh | 41 | # added QmU6xujRsYzcrkocuR3fhfnkZBB8eyUFFq4WKRGw2aS15h A | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/sharness/t0116-gateway-cache.sh | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains/README.md | 101 | # RSA_IPNS_IDv0=QmVujd5Vb7moysJj8itnGufN7MEtPRCNHkKpNuA4onsRa3 | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/add_test.go | 601 | // createDirectoryForHAMTLinksEstimation creates a directory with the specified number | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/provider_test.go | 1421 | // dagwalker: bloom creation log | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/provider_test.go | 1501 | require.Contains(t, daemonLog, "bloom tracker created") | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/provider_test.go | 1681 | assert.NotContains(t, statRes.Stderr.String(), "stats not available", | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/provider_test.go | 1801 | func dirExists(path string) bool { | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/provider_test.go | 1821 | // closes the keystore. The line-scan below fails on the exact | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/cid_profiles_test.go | 61 | // SmallFileCID is the deterministic CID for "hello world" string. | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/cid_profiles_test.go | 681 | cidLen int | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/dag_layout_test.go | 21 | // | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/key_test.go | 21 | // | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/pubsub_test.go | 41 | } | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/dag_test.go | 501 | // leaves 2 blocks. Asserting the exact count proves --offline was | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/update_test.go | 161 | t.Parallel() | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/update_test.go | 321 | "binary at %s should contain the extracted archive content", tmpBinPath) | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/update_test.go | 481 | // "ipfs update check" and "ipfs update versions" without touching the | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/block_size_test.go | 21 | twoMiBPlus = twoMiB + 1 // 2097153 | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/block_size_test.go | 201 | t.Run("ipfs add non-raw-leaves", func(t *testing.T) { | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/provide_stats_test.go | 41 | // Tests will naturally fail if upstream removes/renames fields we depend on. | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/fuse/realworld_test.go | 1 | //go:build (linux || darwin || freebsd) && !nofuse | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/harness/log.go | 21 | func (e events) Len() int { return len(e) } | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/extensibility_test.go | 21 | // 1. New systems can be added via AutoConf's SystemRegistry | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/expand_comprehensive_test.go | 1 | // Package autoconf provides comprehensive tests for --expand-auto functionality. | COMMENT |
| 43 more matches not shown… | ||||
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRITICAL⚡ | core/node/groups.go | 116 | enableTCPTransport := cfg.Swarm.Transports.Network.TCP.WithDefault(true) | CODE |
| CRITICAL⚡ | core/node/groups.go | 117 | enableWebsocketTransport := cfg.Swarm.Transports.Network.Websocket.WithDefault(true) | CODE |
| CRITICAL⚡ | core/node/groups.go | 118 | enableRelayTransport := cfg.Swarm.Transports.Network.Relay.WithDefault(true) // nolint | CODE |
| CRITICAL | core/node/bitswap.go | 134 | maxProviders = int(in.Cfg.Internal.Bitswap.ProviderSearchMaxResults.WithDefault(DefaultMaxProviders)) | CODE |
| CRITICAL⚡ | plugin/plugins/telemetry/telemetry.go | 427 | p.event.ProvideDHTSweepEnabled = p.config.Provide.DHT.SweepEnabled.WithDefault(config.DefaultProvideDHTSweepEnabled) | CODE |
| CRITICAL⚡ | plugin/plugins/telemetry/telemetry.go | 428 | p.event.ProvideDHTIntervalCustom = !p.config.Provide.DHT.Interval.IsDefault() | CODE |
| CRITICAL⚡ | plugin/plugins/telemetry/telemetry.go | 429 | p.event.ProvideDHTMaxWorkersCustom = !p.config.Provide.DHT.MaxWorkers.IsDefault() | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 423 | // Step 1: Create bootstrap node (target for connections) | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 443 | // Step 2: Create autoconf server that returns bootstrap node's address | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 466 | // Step 3: Create autoconf-enabled node that should connect to bootstrap node | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 479 | // Step 4: Give time for autoconf resolution and connection attempts | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 482 | // Step 5: Verify both nodes are responsive | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 489 | // Step 6: Verify that autoconf node connected to bootstrap node | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 511 | // Step 7: Verify bootstrap configuration still shows "auto" (not resolved values) | COMMENT |
| LOW | docs/add-code-flow.md | 55 | ### Step 1: Chunking | COMMENT |
| LOW | docs/add-code-flow.md | 75 | ### Step 2: Building the DAG | COMMENT |
| LOW | docs/add-code-flow.md | 111 | ### Step 3: Storing Blocks | COMMENT |
| LOW | docs/add-code-flow.md | 118 | ### Step 4: Pinning | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 423 | // Step 1: Create bootstrap node (target for connections) | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 443 | // Step 2: Create autoconf server that returns bootstrap node's address | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 466 | // Step 3: Create autoconf-enabled node that should connect to bootstrap node | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 479 | // Step 4: Give time for autoconf resolution and connection attempts | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 482 | // Step 5: Verify both nodes are responsive | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 489 | // Step 6: Verify that autoconf node connected to bootstrap node | COMMENT |
| LOW | test/cli/autoconf/autoconf_test.go | 511 | // Step 7: Verify bootstrap configuration still shows "auto" (not resolved values) | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIGH | tracing/doc.go | 60 | // # In this example the Jaeger UI is available at http://localhost:16686. | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | cmd/ipfs/kubo/daemon.go | 465 | // Private setups can't leverage peers returned by default IPNIs (Routing.Type=auto) | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .github/workflows/gotest.yml | 190 | # under the harness temp dir (ipfs/ipns/mfs subdirectories). | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0114-gateway-subdomains.sh | 28 | # Create a raw URL version with IP to ensure hostname from Host header is used | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | test/sharness/t0250-files-api.sh | 70 | # Create the files in reverse (unsorted) order (`seq 100 -1 1`) | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | bin/push-docker-tags.sh | 15 | # Usage: | COMMENT |
| LOW | bin/get-docker-tags.sh | 5 | # Usage: | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | test/cli/provider_test.go | 1768 | fmt.Sprintf("/provider/keystore/%d/fake-key-%d", i%2, i), | CODE |
| LOW | test/cli/provider_test.go | 1791 | key := fmt.Sprintf("/provider/keystore/%d/fake-key-%d", i%2, i) | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | core/commands/log.go | 87 | ipfs log level all info # Set ALL to 'info' (including default) | CODE |