Repository Analysis

esp8266/Arduino

ESP8266 core for Arduino

3.9 Likely human-written View on GitHub

Analysis Overview

This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of esp8266/Arduino, a C++ project with 16,657 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 193,840 lines of code across 779 source files, recording 765 pattern matches distributed across 10 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 3.9 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.

The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).

3.9
Adjusted Score
3.9
Raw Score
100%
Time Factor
2026-07-29
Last Push
16.7K
Stars
C++
Language
193.8K
Lines of Code
779
Files
765
Pattern Hits
2026-08-02
Scan Date
0.00
HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score
Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score
The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor
The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits
Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate
High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files
Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

Longitudinal tracking requires multiple scan runs. Once this repository is re-scanned after new commits land, this chart will visualise how the synthetic code signal evolves over time — enabling you to detect whether AI authorship is growing, stabilising, or being actively corrected by human engineers.

No multi-scan history yet — run the scanner again to build trend data.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 0HIGH 0MEDIUM 7LOW 758

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 765 distinct pattern matches across 10 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Over-Commented Block692 hits · 668 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWkeywords.txt1#######################################COMMENT
LOWtools/build.py1#!/usr/bin/env python3COMMENT
LOWtools/espota.py1#!/usr/bin/env python3COMMENT
LOWtools/boards.txt.py1#!/usr/bin/env python3COMMENT
LOWtools/boards.txt.py21# opts: specific entries dicts (overrides same entry in macros)COMMENT
LOWtools/elf2bin.py1#!/usr/bin/env python3COMMENT
LOWtools/sizes.py1#!/usr/bin/env python3COMMENT
LOWtools/mkbuildoptglobals.py1#!/usr/bin/env python3COMMENT
LOWtools/mkbuildoptglobals.py21# See the License for the specific language governing permissions andCOMMENT
LOWtools/mkbuildoptglobals.py101-fanalyzerCOMMENT
LOWtools/mkbuildoptglobals.py761 # 3. When the timestamp matches the build copy of globals.hCOMMENT
LOWtools/platformio-build.py1# Copyright (c) 2014-present PlatformIO <contact@platformio.org>COMMENT
LOWtools/makecorever.py1#!/usr/bin/env python3COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/espconn.h41typedef void (* espconn_reconnect_callback)(void *arg, sint8 err);COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/version.h1#ifndef ESP_SDK_VERSION_HCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/user_interface.h21 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/user_interface.h41#endifCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/os_type.h21 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/osapi.h21 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/osapi.h41#define os_isr_attach ets_isr_attachCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/osapi.h61#define os_timer_arm(a, b, c) ets_timer_arm_new(a, b, c, 1)COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/c_types.h81#define REG_CLR_BIT(_r, _b) (*(volatile uint32_t*)(_r) &= ~(_b))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/c_types.h101#ifndef __cplusplusCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/uart_register.h1//Generated at 2012-07-03 18:44:06COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/uart_register.h21#define UART_RXFIFO_OVF_INT_RAW (BIT(4))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/uart_register.h41#define UART_CTS_CHG_INT_ENA (BIT(6))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/uart_register.h61#define UART_CLKDIV_CNT 0x000FFFFFCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/uart_register.h81#define UART_CONF0( i ) (REG_UART_BASE( i ) + 0x20)COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/uart_register.h101COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/uart_register.h121COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h21 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h41#define BIT19 0x00080000COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h61//}}COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h81//}}COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h101#define GPIO_OUT_W1TS_ADDRESS 0x04COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h121#define RTC_CALIB_VALUE_MASK 0xfffffCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h141#define GPIO_PIN_WAKEUP_ENABLE_LSB 10COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h161#define SIGMA_AS_PIN_SOURCE (~GPIO_AS_PIN_SOURCE)COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h181COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h201//RTC reg {{COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h221#define PERIPHS_IO_MUX_SLEEP_PULLUP BIT3COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h241#define FUNC_GPIO13 3COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h261#define FUNC_I2SO_DATA 1COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h281#define FUNC_GPIO7 3COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h301#define FUNC_SDDATA3 0COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/eagle_soc.h321#define FUNC_U1TXD_BK 2COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/ipv4_addr.h21 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/spi_flash_geometry.h1#ifndef SPI_FLASH_GEOMETRY_HCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h1//Generated at 2012-10-23 19:55:03COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h21#define SLC_RX_AUTO_WRBACK (BIT(6))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h41#define SLC_RX_UDF_INT_RAW (BIT(10))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h61#define SLC_TX_DONE_INT_ST (BIT(14))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h81#define SLC_TOHOST_INT_ENA (BIT(18))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h101#define SLC_FRHOST_BIT_INT_ENA_ALL 0xffCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h121#define SLC_FRHOST_BIT4_INT_CLR (BIT(4))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h141#define SLC_TXFIFO_POP (BIT(16))COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h161#define SLC_INTVEC_TOHOST (REG_SLC_BASE + 0x2C)COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h181#define SLC_TOKEN1_LOCAL_WDATA_S 0COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h201#define SLC_TO_HOST_LAST_DESC SLC_RX_EOF_DES_ADDRCOMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/include/slc_register.h221#define SLC_INFOR_NO_REPLACE (BIT(9))COMMENT
632 more matches not shown…
Unused Imports23 hits · 23 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWtools/build.py23CODE
LOWtools/build.py27CODE
LOWtools/espota.py31CODE
LOWtools/boards.txt.py35CODE
LOWtools/elf2bin.py21CODE
LOWtools/format_tzdata.py14CODE
LOWtools/makecorever.py25CODE
LOWtests/restyle.py5CODE
LOWtests/device/test_ClientContext/test_ClientContext.py4CODE
LOWtests/device/test_ClientContext/test_ClientContext.py9CODE
LOWtests/device/libraries/BSTest/runner.py11CODE
LOWtests/device/libraries/BSTest/runner.py13CODE
LOWtests/device/libraries/BSTest/runner.py20CODE
LOWtests/device/libraries/BSTest/runner.py20CODE
LOWtests/device/test_BearSSL/make_data.py10CODE
LOWtests/device/test_http_server/test_http_server.py4CODE
LOWtests/device/test_http_server/test_http_server.py5CODE
LOWtests/device/test_http_server/test_http_server.py6CODE
LOW…6WiFi/examples/BearSSL_CertStore/certs-from-mozilla.py10CODE
LOWlibraries/ESP8266WiFi/examples/WiFiEcho/echo-client.py3CODE
LOWdoc/conf.py21CODE
LOWpackage/merge_packages.py7CODE
LOWpackage/drop_versions.py4CODE
Excessive Try-Catch Wrapping15 hits · 16 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWtools/signing.py83 except Exception:CODE
LOWtools/signing.py100 except Exception as e:CODE
LOWtools/espota.py80 except Exception:CODE
LOWtools/espota.py107 except Exception:CODE
LOWtools/espota.py126 except Exception:CODE
LOWtools/espota.py150 except Exception:CODE
LOWtools/espota.py176 except Exception:CODE
LOWtools/espota.py210 except Exception:CODE
LOWtools/upload.py60 except Exception:CODE
LOWtools/upload.py118except Exception:CODE
MEDIUMtools/upload.py57def maybe_remove(path):CODE
LOWtests/device/test_ClientContext/test_ClientContext.py32 except Exception:CODE
LOWtests/device/test_BearSSL/make_data.py48except Exception:CODE
LOWtests/device/test_http_server/test_http_server.py19 except Exception as e:CODE
LOW…6WiFi/examples/BearSSL_CertStore/certs-from-mozilla.py48except Exception:CODE
Deep Nesting14 hits · 14 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWtools/signing.py54CODE
LOWtools/decoder.py100CODE
LOWtools/espota.py72CODE
LOWtools/boards.txt.py1718CODE
LOWtools/elf2bin.py145CODE
LOWtools/sizes.py38CODE
LOWtools/cert.py21CODE
LOWtools/mkbuildoptglobals.py321CODE
LOWtools/mkbuildoptglobals.py432CODE
LOWtools/mkbuildoptglobals.py491CODE
LOWtests/restyle.py141CODE
LOWtests/device/libraries/BSTest/runner.py51CODE
LOWtests/device/libraries/BSTest/runner.py81CODE
LOWtests/device/libraries/BSTest/runner.py138CODE
Hyper-Verbose Identifiers11 hits · 12 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWtools/mkbuildoptglobals.py321def extract_create_build_opt_file(globals_h_fqfn, file_name, build_opt_fqfn):CODE
LOWtools/format_tzdata.py55def tzdata_resource_from_name(name):CODE
LOWtools/platformio-build.py36def scons_patched_match_splitext(path, suffixes=None):CODE
LOWtests/device/test_http_server/test_http_server.py43def teardown_http_post_params(e):CODE
LOWtests/device/test_http_server/test_http_server.py47def setup_http_getpost_params(e):CODE
LOWtests/device/test_http_server/test_http_server.py53def teardown_http_getpost_params(e):CODE
LOWlibraries/ESP8266WebServer/src/detail/RequestHandler.h11class RequestHandler {CODE
LOW…ries/ESP8266WebServer/src/detail/RequestHandlersImpl.h15class FunctionRequestHandler : public RequestHandler<ServerType> {CODE
LOW…ries/ESP8266WebServer/src/detail/RequestHandlersImpl.h88class StaticRequestHandler : public RequestHandler<ServerType> {CODE
LOW…ries/ESP8266WebServer/src/detail/RequestHandlersImpl.h119class StaticDirectoryRequestHandler : public StaticRequestHandler<ServerType> {CODE
LOW…ries/ESP8266WebServer/src/detail/RequestHandlersImpl.h223class StaticFileRequestHandlerCODE
Self-Referential Comments4 hits · 12 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMtools/espota.py73 # Create a TCP/IP socketCOMMENT
MEDIUM.github/workflows/tag-to-draft-release.yml39 # Create a draft release and upload the ZIP and JSON files.COMMENT
MEDIUMdoc/conf.py6# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to itsCOMMENT
MEDIUMdoc/reference_items.yml1# This file defines the order in which documents will appear in the menuCOMMENT
Decorative Section Separators2 hits · 6 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMplatform.txt3# ------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMplatform.txt169# ------------------------------COMMENT
AI Slop Vocabulary2 hits · 3 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWtools/decoder.py58# instead, simply use an already short-format `info line`COMMENT
LOWtools/sdk/lwip2/include/lwip/sockets.h205#define SO_DONTROUTE 0x0010 /* Unimplemented: just use interface addresses */COMMENT
TODO Padding1 hit · 2 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWlibraries/ESP8266mDNS/src/LEAmDNS.h238 // TODO: implement instancename different from hostnameCOMMENT
Example Usage Blocks1 hit · 2 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWpackage/merge_packages.py3# Usage:COMMENT