The next generation of motion control firmware
This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of bdring/FluidNC, a C++ project with 2,465 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 96,561 lines of code across 634 source files, recording 252 pattern matches distributed across 11 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 3.1 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.
The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).
This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.
Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.
This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.
The scanner identified 252 distinct pattern matches across 11 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.
Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | platformio.ini | 301 | # Coverage environment - generates .gcda/.gcno files for gcovr/lcov | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/posix/Console.cpp | 41 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/std-path.cpp | 1 | // Class filesystem::path -*- C++ -*- | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/std-dir.cpp | 1 | // Class filesystem::directory_entry etc. -*- C++ -*- | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/std-dir.cpp | 21 | # define _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI 1 | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/ops-common.h | 1 | // Filesystem operation utilities -*- C++ -*- | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/std-ops.cpp | 1 | // Filesystem operations -*- C++ -*- | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/std-ops.cpp | 21 | # include "fluidnc_vfs_ops.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/std-ops.cpp | 41 | # include <sys/stat.h> // stat, utimensat, fchmodat | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/dir-common.h | 1 | // Filesystem directory iterator utilities -*- C++ -*- | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/stdfs/dir-common.h | 21 | // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program; | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/capture/Capture.h | 1 | #pragma once | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/capture/localfs.cpp | 1 | #include "Driver/localfs.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/capture/Platform.h | 1 | #pragma once | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/capture/Platform.h | 21 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | FluidNC/capture/freertos/task.h | 41 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | FluidNC/test/TestFramework.h | 61 | statement; | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/test/TestFramework.h | 81 | # include "gtest/gtest.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/test/Pins/GPIO.cpp | 321 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | FluidNC/test/Extender/I2CExtenderTests.cpp | 1 | #include "../TestFramework.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/include/ArduinoIDFHack/sdkconfig.h | 1 | #include "../../build/config/sdkconfig.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/include/ArduinoIDFHack/sdkconfig.h | 21 | #undef CONFIG_TINYUSB_MSC_ENABLED | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/include/Driver/step_engine.h | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2024 - Mitch Bradley | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/include/Driver/i2s_out.h | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2020 - Michiyasu Odaki | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/tests/Logging.h | 21 | }; | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/tests/Logging.h | 61 | #define log_info(x) do { } while (0) | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/tests/test_unit/LinuxCNCParser.cpp | 1 | // LinuxCNCParser.cpp - Extracted from LinuxCNC interp_read.cc | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/tests/test_unit/LinuxCNCParser.h | 1 | #pragma once | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/coredump.c | 1 | // Copyright 2022 Mitch Bradley | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart.h | 21 | #include "esp_err.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/localfs.cpp | 1 | #include "Driver/localfs.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.h | 1 | #include <esp_idf_version.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.h | 61 | // uart_parity_t parity; /*!< UART parity mode*/ | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.h | 81 | //typedef struct { | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.h | 101 | // UART_WAKEUP, /*!< UART wakeup event */ | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/spi.cpp | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2022 Mitch Bradley | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/tmc_spi_support.c | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2022 Mitch Bradley | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/sdspi.cpp | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2022 Mitch Bradley | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart.c | 1 | /* | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart.c | 21 | #include "soc/uart_periph.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart.c | 41 | #endif | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart.c | 81 | #define UART_EXIT_CRITICAL_SAFE(mux) portEXIT_CRITICAL_SAFE(mux) | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/delay_usecs.cpp | 1 | #include "Driver/delay_usecs.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.c | 1 | #include "fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.c | 21 | # include "freertos/queue.h" | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.c | 41 | # if SOC_LP_GPIO_MATRIX_SUPPORTED | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.c | 61 | // - ESP32-C6, H2 and later chips: Protect core clock. Run in light-sleep hasn't been developed yet (TODO: IDF-8349), | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/fnc_idf_uart_idfbuild.c | 81 | # define UART_THRESHOLD_NUM(uart_num, field_name) ((uart_num < SOC_UART_HP_NUM) ? field_name : LP_##field_name) | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/tmc_spi.cpp | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2022 Mitch Bradley | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/tmc_spi.cpp | 21 | // interface, which is basically direct access to the hardware registers | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/PwmPin.cpp | 1 | // Copyright 2022 - Mitch Bradley, Stefan de Bruijn | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/PwmPin.cpp | 21 | # include <esp32s3/rom/gpio.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/PwmPin.cpp | 141 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/esp32/i2s_engine.c | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2024 - Mitch Bradley | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/esp32/i2s_engine.c | 121 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/esp32/Platform.h | 1 | #pragma once | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/esp32/Platform.h | 21 | // The number that we support, regardless of how many the chip has | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/esp32/Platform.h | 41 | inline void platform_preinit() { | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/esp32s3/i2s_engine_dedicated.c | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2024 - Mitch Bradley, adjusted by Stefan de Bruijn for S3 | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/esp32/esp32s3/USBCDCChannel.cpp | 1 | // Copyright (c) 2023 - Stefan de Bruijn | COMMENT |
| 126 more matches not shown… | ||||
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 282 | // ── State ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 299 | // ── Address extraction ───────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 335 | // ── Binary search in sorted symbol table ─────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 374 | // ── Decode ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 463 | // ── Load .addrinfo from GitHub release ───────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 515 | // ── Load local .addrinfo file ────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 538 | // ── Load GitHub releases list ────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 569 | // ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | stack-trace-decoder.html | 595 | // ── Init ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW⚡ | coverage.py | 50 | # Step 1: Clean previous coverage data | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | coverage.py | 55 | # Step 2: Build and run tests | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | coverage.py | 61 | # Step 3: Generate coverage report | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 237 | # Step 1: Get all text symbols | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 244 | # Step 2: Get source info for all symbol addresses | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 253 | # Step 3: Build the addrinfo structure | COMMENT |
| LOW | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 276 | # Step 4: Write output | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/src/GCode.cpp | 253 | // Step 0 - remove whitespace and comments and convert to upper case | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/src/Protocol.cpp | 332 | // NOTE: This function is called from the main loop, buffer sync, and mc_move_motors() only and executes | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW⚡ | coverage.py | 50 | # Step 1: Clean previous coverage data | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | coverage.py | 55 | # Step 2: Build and run tests | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | coverage.py | 61 | # Step 3: Generate coverage report | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 237 | # Step 1: Get all text symbols | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 244 | # Step 2: Get source info for all symbol addresses | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 253 | # Step 3: Build the addrinfo structure | COMMENT |
| LOW | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 276 | # Step 4: Write output | COMMENT |
| LOW | FluidNC/src/WebUI/WSChannel.cpp | 78 | // in the response (>32KB of json), so we need to check if the websocket buffer is full before continuing | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | generate_vcxproj.py | 132 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/fluidnc_validate_core.py | 125 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/fluidnc_validate_core.py | 454 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/fluidnc_validate_core.py | 180 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/stack_trace_decoder/server.py | 76 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 30 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 135 | CODE | |
| LOW | fixture_tests/tool/op_entries.py | 8 | CODE | |
| LOW | examples/http_command/http_command_server.py | 44 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 1131 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 628 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 671 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 718 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 949 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 202 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | build-release.py | 9 | CODE | |
| LOW | build-release.py | 10 | CODE | |
| LOW | coverage.py | 20 | CODE | |
| LOW | git-version.py | 2 | CODE | |
| LOW | git-version.py | 2 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/fluidnc_config_mcp_server.py | 74 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/stack_trace_decoder/server.py | 2 | CODE | |
| LOW | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 22 | CODE | |
| LOW | fixture_tests/tool/controller.py | 2 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 10 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 20 | CODE | |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 27 | CODE | |
| LOW | embedded/build.py | 5 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tools/stack_trace_decoder/server.py | 125 | except Exception as exc: | CODE |
| MEDIUM | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 107 | print(f"Error running nm: {result.stderr}", file=sys.stderr) | CODE |
| MEDIUM⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 216 | print(f"Error: ELF file not found: {elf_path}", file=sys.stderr) | CODE |
| MEDIUM⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 226 | print("Error: Could not find 'nm' tool. Install ESP toolchain or use --toolchain-prefix.", file=sys.stderr) | CODE |
| MEDIUM⚡ | tools/stack_trace_decoder/generate_addrinfo.py | 229 | print("Error: Could not find 'addr2line' tool. Install ESP toolchain or use --toolchain-prefix.", file=sys.stder | CODE |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 1043 | except Exception as e: | STRING |
| LOW | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 1075 | except Exception as e: | STRING |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | FluidNC/src/Planner.cpp | 377 | // from path, but used as a robust way to compute cornering speeds, as it takes into account the | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | fluidterm/fluidterm.py | 5 | # This file is part of pySerial. https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tools/fluidnc_config_mcp_server.py | 157 | def validate_fluidnc_config_file(path: str, permissive: bool = False) -> dict: | CODE |
| LOW | examples/http_command/http_command_server.py | 185 | def handle_home_assistant_state(self, path): | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | platformio.ini | 302 | # Usage: | COMMENT |