CONTRIBUTIONS ONLY: Voluptuous, despite the name, is a Python data validation library.
This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of alecthomas/voluptuous, a Python project with 1,847 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 8,271 lines of code across 21 source files, recording 171 pattern matches distributed across 7 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 19.6 places this repository in the Moderate AI signal band.
The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).
This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.
Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.
This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.
The scanner identified 171 distinct pattern matches across 7 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.
Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | voluptuous/humanize.py | 51 | def validate_with_humanized_errors( | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 789 | def _normalize_schema_extension( | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 905 | def _iterate_mapping_candidates(schema): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 1234 | def _is_complex_key_validator(self, schema): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 1382 | def validate_schema_decorator(func): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/dataclasses_support.py | 83 | def get_dataclass_field_defaults(dataclass_type: Type) -> Dict[str, Any]: | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 359 | def test_dataclass_with_list_field(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 27 | def test_is_dataclass_with_dataclass(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 38 | def test_is_dataclass_with_regular_class(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 49 | def test_is_dataclass_with_primitive_types(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 60 | def test_simple_dataclass_schema(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 76 | def test_dataclass_with_defaults(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 99 | def test_dataclass_with_default_factory(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 136 | def test_missing_required_fields(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 156 | def test_additional_constraints(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 229 | def test_additional_fields_not_in_dataclass(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 255 | def test_create_dataclass_schema_basic(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 270 | def test_create_dataclass_schema_with_constraints(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 311 | def test_nested_dataclass_like_structure(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 419 | def test_regular_schema_still_works(self): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 429 | def test_object_validator_still_works(self): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 546 | def test_schema_extend_with_schema_instance_rejects_extra_mismatch(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 556 | def test_schema_extend_with_non_dictionary_schema_instance_fails(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 566 | def test_schema_extend_overrides(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1007 | def test_schema_decorator_match_with_args(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1015 | def test_schema_decorator_unmatch_with_args(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1023 | def test_schema_decorator_match_with_kwargs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1031 | def test_schema_decorator_unmatch_with_kwargs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1039 | def test_schema_decorator_match_return_with_args(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1047 | def test_schema_decorator_unmatch_return_with_args(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1055 | def test_schema_decorator_match_return_with_kwargs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1063 | def test_schema_decorator_unmatch_return_with_kwargs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1071 | def test_schema_decorator_return_only_match(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1079 | def test_schema_decorator_return_only_unmatch(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1087 | def test_schema_decorator_partial_match_called_with_args(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1095 | def test_schema_decorator_partial_unmatch_called_with_args(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1103 | def test_schema_decorator_partial_match_called_with_kwargs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1111 | def test_schema_decorator_partial_unmatch_called_with_kwargs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1119 | def test_number_validation_with_string(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1557 | def test_path_with_list_index(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1566 | def test_path_with_tuple_index(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1575 | def test_path_with_integer_dict_key(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1584 | def test_path_with_float_dict_key(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1593 | def test_path_with_tuple_dict_key(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1602 | def test_path_with_arbitrary_hashable_dict_key(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1748 | def test_lower_util_handles_various_inputs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1755 | def test_upper_util_handles_various_inputs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1762 | def test_capitalize_util_handles_various_inputs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1771 | def test_title_util_handles_various_inputs(): | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 1778 | def test_strip_util_handles_various_inputs(): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 129 | def test_in_unsortable_container(): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 161 | def test_not_in_unsortable_container(): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 299 | def test_email_validation_with_none(): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 311 | def test_email_validation_with_empty_string(): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 323 | def test_email_validation_without_host(): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 335 | def test_invalid_repr_includes_path_and_type(): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 352 | def test_email_validation_with_bad_data(input_value: str): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 381 | def test_fqdn_url_validation_with_bad_data(input_value): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 408 | def test_url_validation_with_bad_data(input_value): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 458 | def test_schema_extend_with_schema_instance(): | CODE |
| 62 more matches not shown… | ||||
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | voluptuous/util.py | 5 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/util.py | 6 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/util.py | 7 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/util.py | 8 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/util.py | 8 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/validators.py | 2 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/validators.py | 41 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/__init__.py | 78 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/__init__.py | 78 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/__init__.py | 78 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/__init__.py | 86 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/__init__.py | 87 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/__init__.py | 88 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/__init__.py | 90 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 2 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | README.md | 730 | result = schema({'name': 'John Doe', 'age': 30, 'active': False}) | CODE |
| LOW | README.md | 731 | # Returns: Person(name='John Doe', age=30, active=False) | COMMENT |
| LOW | README.md | 786 | 'street': '123 Main St', | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 342 | 'name': 'John Doe', | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 345 | 'street': '123 Main St', | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 352 | assert result.name == 'John Doe' | CODE |
| LOW⚡ | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 355 | assert result.address.street == '123 Main St' | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 175 | result = schema({'name': 'John Doe', 'age': 30, 'email': 'john@example.com'}) | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/test_dataclasses.py | 176 | assert result.name == 'John Doe' | CODE |
| LOW | examples/dataclasses_example.py | 41 | result = schema({'name': 'John Doe', 'age': 30, 'active': False}) | CODE |
| LOW | examples/dataclasses_example.py | 149 | 'street': '123 Main St', | CODE |
| LOW | examples/dataclasses_example.py | 334 | {'name': 'John Doe', 'age': 30, 'email': 'john@example.com'} | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 212 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 238 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 445 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 580 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 667 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 789 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 291 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 533 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 596 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/schema_builder.py | 683 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/dataclasses_support.py | 30 | CODE | |
| LOW | voluptuous/dataclasses_support.py | 149 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIGH | voluptuous/dataclasses_support.py | 31 | Extract field information from a dataclass. Args: dataclass_type: The dataclass type to extract fields from | STRING |
| HIGH | voluptuous/dataclasses_support.py | 155 | Create a voluptuous Schema from a dataclass. Args: dataclass_type: The dataclass type to create a schema fo | STRING |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | voluptuous/dataclasses_support.py | 218 | # Create a custom validator that validates dict and creates dataclass instance | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | voluptuous/dataclasses_support.py | 278 | # Create the schema using the helper function | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 2137 | # Create a very long string that will be truncated | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | voluptuous/util.py | 127 | except Exception as e: | CODE |
| MEDIUM | voluptuous/util.py | 124 | def __call__(self, v): | CODE |
| LOW | voluptuous/tests/tests.py | 429 | except Exception as e: | CODE |
| LOW | examples/dataclasses_example.py | 95 | except Exception as e: | CODE |
| LOW | examples/dataclasses_example.py | 106 | except Exception as e: | CODE |