Repository Analysis

XRPLF/rippled

Decentralized cryptocurrency blockchain daemon implementing the XRP Ledger protocol in C++

2.7 Likely human-written View on GitHub

Analysis Overview

This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of XRPLF/rippled, a C++ project with 5,173 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 622,174 lines of code across 1860 source files, recording 1616 pattern matches distributed across 13 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 2.7 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.

The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).

2.7
Adjusted Score
2.7
Raw Score
100%
Time Factor
2026-07-14
Last Push
5.2K
Stars
C++
Language
622.2K
Lines of Code
1.9K
Files
1.6K
Pattern Hits
2026-07-14
Scan Date
0.00
HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score
Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score
The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor
The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits
Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate
High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files
Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

Longitudinal tracking requires multiple scan runs. Once this repository is re-scanned after new commits land, this chart will visualise how the synthetic code signal evolves over time — enabling you to detect whether AI authorship is growing, stabilising, or being actively corrected by human engineers.

No multi-scan history yet — run the scanner again to build trend data.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 0HIGH 1MEDIUM 43LOW 1572

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 1616 distinct pattern matches across 13 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Over-Commented Block1515 hits · 1476 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOW.pre-commit-config.yaml1# To run pre-commit hooks, first install pre-commit:COMMENT
LOWnix/docker/test_files/cpp/sources/asan.cpp1#include <atomic>COMMENT
LOWbin/check-tools.sh1#!/usr/bin/env bashCOMMENT
LOWbin/install-sanitizer-libs.sh1#!/bin/bashCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/base_uint.h1// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi NakamotoCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/base_uint.h21#include <array>COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/IntrusiveRefCounts.h81 // Calling this function may cause other threads to delete the objectCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/TaggedCache.h21#include <string>COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/chrono.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/Slice.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/SlabAllocator.h1// Copyright (c) 2022, Nikolaos D. Bougalis <nikb@bougalis.net>COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/Log.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/StringUtilities.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/partitioned_unordered_map.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/Number.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/MallocTrim.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/basics/scope.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/CachedView.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/AcceptedLedgerTx.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/ApplyView.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/View.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/View.h21#include <cstdint>COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/ReadView.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/AmendmentTable.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/AmendmentTable.h21#include <xrpl/protocol/TxFormats.h>COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/AmendmentTable.h141COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/ApplyViewImpl.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/OpenView.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/PaymentSandbox.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/OrderBookDB.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/Ledger.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/detail/RawStateTable.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/detail/ApplyViewBase.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/detail/ApplyStateTable.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/SponsorHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/RippleStateHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/LendingHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/LendingHelpers.h101 // This value is always non-negative.COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/LendingHelpers.h181 // Calculated using the standard amortization formula based on principal,COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/LendingHelpers.h301* They are "tracked" as they change tracked loan values.COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/LendingHelpers.h361 // This includes fees not part of the standard amortization scheduleCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/DirectoryHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/MPTokenHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/TokenHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/TokenHelpers.h221COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/EscrowHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/AMMHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/AMMHelpers.h21#include <xrpl/protocol/Rules.h>COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/AMMHelpers.h461 // (pool.in * pool.out) / (pool.in + assetIn * feeMult(tfee)),COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/AMMHelpers.h521swapAssetOut(TAmounts<TIn, TOut> const& pool, TOut const& assetOut, std::uint16_t tfee)COMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/AccountRootHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/NFTokenHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/ledger/helpers/CredentialHelpers.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/beast/rfc2616.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/beast/unit_test.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/beast/unit_test/suite.h1// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanyingCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/beast/unit_test/suite_list.h1// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanyingCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/beast/unit_test/reporter.h1// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanyingCOMMENT
LOWinclude/xrpl/beast/net/IPEndpoint.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
1455 more matches not shown…
Decorative Section Separators31 hits · 88 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg4#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg28#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg84#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg88#----------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg378#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg382#-----------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg639#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg643#-------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg859#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg863#----------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg899#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg903#------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1176#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1180#---------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1250#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1254#----------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1301#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1305#-----------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1409#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1413#--------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1571#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUM.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py28# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUM.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py30# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUM.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py109# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUM.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py111# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUM.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py144# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUM.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py146# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUM.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py256# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUM.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py258# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
MEDIUMsrc/test/core/Config_test.cpp67#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMENT
Verbosity Indicators11 hits · 21 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_tx_classes.py102 # Step 1: Clean the C++ code using pcppCOMMENT
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_tx_classes.py110 # Step 2: Parse the clean text using pyparsingCOMMENT
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_ledger_classes.py99 # Step 1: Clean the C++ code using pcppCOMMENT
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_ledger_classes.py107 # Step 2: Parse the clean text using pyparsingCOMMENT
LOWsrc/libxrpl/ledger/helpers/TokenHelpers.cpp293 // we need to check if the associated assets have been frozenCOMMENT
LOWsrc/libxrpl/tx/transactors/token/TrustSet.cpp575 // For PreFunded sponsors, we need to check if there are sufficient reserves beforeCOMMENT
LOWsrc/libxrpl/tx/transactors/lending/LoanBrokerDelete.cpp98 // So we need to check if the broker owner is deep frozen for that asset.COMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/Loan_test.cpp5977 // Step 1: Create vault with IOU assetCOMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/Loan_test.cpp6079 // Step 7: Trigger default (dust adjustment will occur)COMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/Loan_test.cpp6083 // Step 8: Verify phantom assets createdCOMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/FixNFTokenPageLinks_test.cpp438 // Step 2: Enable the fixNFTokenPageLinks amendment.COMMENT
AI Slop Vocabulary6 hits · 18 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMinclude/xrpl/basics/SlabAllocator.h227 // When allocating large blocks, attempt to leverage Linux'sCOMMENT
MEDIUM…e/xrpl/beast/container/detail/aged_ordered_container.h799 // VFALCO TODO Figure out how to utilize 'hint'COMMENT
MEDIUM…e/xrpl/beast/container/detail/aged_ordered_container.h815 // VFALCO TODO Figure out how to utilize 'hint'COMMENT
MEDIUM…e/xrpl/beast/container/detail/aged_ordered_container.h875 // VFALCO TODO Figure out how to utilize 'hint'COMMENT
MEDIUMinclude/xrpl/protocol/Concepts.h59// robust than class template argument deduction (CTAD) via the deduction guide.COMMENT
MEDIUMsrc/test/csf/Peer.h996 // TODO: Make this more robustCOMMENT
Structural Annotation Overuse9 hits · 17 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_tx_classes.py102 # Step 1: Clean the C++ code using pcppCOMMENT
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_tx_classes.py110 # Step 2: Parse the clean text using pyparsingCOMMENT
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_ledger_classes.py99 # Step 1: Clean the C++ code using pcppCOMMENT
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_ledger_classes.py107 # Step 2: Parse the clean text using pyparsingCOMMENT
LOWcfg/xrpld-example.cfg1097# WARNING: These settings can have significant effects on data integrity,COMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/Loan_test.cpp5977 // Step 1: Create vault with IOU assetCOMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/Loan_test.cpp6079 // Step 7: Trigger default (dust adjustment will occur)COMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/Loan_test.cpp6083 // Step 8: Verify phantom assets createdCOMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/FixNFTokenPageLinks_test.cpp438 // Step 2: Enable the fixNFTokenPageLinks amendment.COMMENT
Hyper-Verbose Identifiers21 hits · 13 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/macro_parser_common.py224def enrich_fields_with_type_data(entry_info, field_types):CODE
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_tx_classes.py25def create_transaction_parser():CODE
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/generate_ledger_classes.py27def create_ledger_entry_parser():CODE
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py52def test_blank_lines_inside_block_ok() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py63def test_member_and_divider_allowed() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py114def test_qt_comment_single_line() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py125def test_single_line_markers_allowed() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py150def test_over_indented_first_line() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py232def test_backslash_command_on_body_line() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py241def test_backslash_command_suggests_canonical_spelling() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py259def test_wrong_command_on_body_line() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py268def test_body_line_commands_regression() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py286def test_command_on_closer_line() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py295def test_no_double_count_across_opener_body_closer() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py304def test_code_with_word_allowed() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py319def test_message_uses_category_description() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py325def test_message_detail_overrides() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py356def test_mid_line_plain_block_skipped() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py368def test_unclosed_block_scanned_to_eof() -> None:STRING
LOWbin/pre-commit/test_check_doxygen_style.py377def test_banner_and_empty_comment_not_flagged() -> None:STRING
LOW.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py91def find_repository_directories(CODE
Slop Phrases4 hits · 9 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMinclude/xrpl/protocol/TER.h490 // It's worth noting that an explicit conversion operator was consideredCOMMENT
MEDIUMcfg/xrpld-example.cfg222# ip = :: then you can use admin = ::ffff:127.0.0.1,::1 to allowCOMMENT
LOWsrc/libxrpl/ledger/helpers/AccountRootHelpers.cpp518// SField::sMD_PseudoAccount flag in the SField definition. (Don't forget toCOMMENT
LOWsrc/test/app/Invariants_test.cpp1451 // this behavior, don't forget to use credentials::makeSortedCOMMENT
Redundant / Tautological Comments5 hits · 8 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOW.github/scripts/check-pr-description.py60 # Check if the PR body is empty or whitespace-onlyCOMMENT
LOW.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py104 # Check if this directory has src or include foldersCOMMENT
LOW.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py166 # Read file with a large buffer for performance.COMMENT
LOW.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py295 # Check if include file exists and references sourceCOMMENT
LOW.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py324 # Print resultsCOMMENT
Synthetic Comment Markers1 hit · 8 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
HIGHsrc/test/app/ValidatorList_test.cpp514 // 2 is the threshold, as requested in configurationCOMMENT
Self-Referential Comments2 hits · 6 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUMcmake/scripts/codegen/macro_parser_common.py54 # Define the macro so #if !defined(MACRO) / #error checks passCOMMENT
MEDIUMconan/lockfile/regenerate.sh22# Create a new lockfile that is compatible with Linux, macOS, and Windows. TheCOMMENT
Excessive Try-Catch Wrapping3 hits · 5 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
MEDIUM.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py146 print(f"Error: {e}", file=sys.stderr)CODE
LOW.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py185 except Exception as e:CODE
MEDIUM.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py186 print(f"Error reading {file_path}: {e}", file=sys.stderr)CODE
Unused Imports4 hits · 4 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWcmake/scripts/codegen/macro_parser_common.py10CODE
LOWbin/pre-commit/clang_tidy_check.py19CODE
LOW.github/scripts/format-inline-bash.py27CODE
LOW.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py10CODE
Deep Nesting4 hits · 4 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWbin/pre-commit/check_doxygen_style.py361CODE
LOWbin/pre-commit/check_doxygen_style.py404CODE
LOW.github/scripts/strategy-matrix/generate.py159CODE
LOW.github/scripts/levelization/generate.py124CODE