PyO3/pyo3

5.0

Adjusted Score

5.0

Raw Score

100%

Time Factor

2026-07-13

Last Push

15.9K

Stars

Rust

Language

144.0K

Lines of Code

676

Files

714

Pattern Hits

2026-07-14

Scan Date

0.01

HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score: Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score: The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor: The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits: Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate: High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files: Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

This chart maps the temporal evolution of the adjusted synthetic code score across successive scan runs. An upward trajectory indicates ongoing incorporation of AI-generated code or expanding LLM-assisted scaffolding; a stable or declining trajectory may reflect active human refactoring, code removal, or the adoption of stricter authorship policies. The dashed secondary line (right axis) independently tracks total raw pattern hit count, which can diverge from the normalised score when codebase size changes significantly between scans.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 0HIGH 5MEDIUM 8LOW 701

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 714 distinct pattern matches across 15 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Over-Commented Block607 hits · 570 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	typos.toml	1	[files]	COMMENT
LOW	typos.toml	21	# \| ^^^	COMMENT
LOW	typos.toml	41	# error: `placehold` should be `placeholder`	COMMENT
LOW	typos.toml	61	# \|	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class.md	241	) -> PyResult<()> {	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class.md	261	# });	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class.md	501	Ok(Py::new(py, sub)?.into_any())	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class.md	841	- The return type must be `PyResult<T>` or `T` for some `T` that implements `IntoPyObject`.	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class.md	1081	#[classmethod]	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class.md	1101	# let doc: String = class.getattr("__doc__")?.extract()?;	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class.md	1121	# let sig: String = inspect	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class.md	1141	# let method = class.getattr("my_static_method")?;	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/parallelism.md	41	```	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/parallelism.md	61	```	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/function.md	121	#[pyfunction]	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/function.md	141	# let catch_warnings = warnings	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/function.md	161	# assert_eq!(	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/migration.md	501	# use pyo3::sync::GILOnceCell;	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/migration.md	1861	// generate exactly the same value.	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/trait-bounds.md	181	# #[pyclass]	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/trait-bounds.md	201	# .call_method("get_results", (), None)	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/trait-bounds.md	341	# use pyo3::types::PyList;	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/trait-bounds.md	361	.unwrap()	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/trait-bounds.md	381	# .unwrap();	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/trait-bounds.md	421	py_result.extract()	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	1	# Conversion traits	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	41		COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	81	# let dict = PyDict::new(py);	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	101	string_attr: String,	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	141	bar: String,	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	161	Tuple structs are also supported but do not allow customizing the extraction.	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	221	inner: String,	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	281	# let rust_thing: RustyEnum<'_> = thing.extract()?;	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	301	# );	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	321	# match rust_thing {	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	341	# let rust_thing: RustyEnum<'_> = instance.extract()?;	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	361	# )?;	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	381	# b"text",	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	401	enum RustyEnum {	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	421	# }	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/conversions/traits.md	501	# // Filled case	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/function/signature.md	141		COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/function/signature.md	201	# let fun = pyo3::wrap_pyfunction!(add, py)?;	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/function/signature.md	241	}	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/function/error-handling.md	161	}	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class/numeric.md	341	# n = Number(ord(x)) + ((n << five) - n)	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class/numeric.md	361	# assert Number(13) < Number(20)	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class/numeric.md	381	# pass	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class/object.md	41	## String representations	COMMENT
LOW	guide/src/class/object.md	281	# let y = &Bound::new(py, Number(4))?;	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/moduleobject.rs	41	pub fn PyModule_GetDict(arg1: mut PyObject) -> mut PyObject;	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/methodobject.rs	141	/// otherwise the behavior is undefined.	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/lib.rs	1	#![no_std]	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/lib.rs	21	//! - The vast majority can only be used safely while the thread is attached to the Python interpreter.	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/lib.rs	41	//! PyO3 uses `rustc`'s `--cfg` flags to enable or disable code used for different Python versions.	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/lib.rs	61	//! To use these attributes, add [`pyo3-build-config`] as a build dependency in	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/lib.rs	81	//! - CPython 3.9 or greater	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/lib.rs	101	//! # Downstream Rust code (including code in `bin/`, `examples/`, and `tests/`) will not be able	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/lib.rs	121	//! `build.rs`	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-ffi/src/lib.rs	141	//! m_base: PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,	COMMENT
547 more matches not shown…

Hyper-Verbose Identifiers53 hits · 54 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	noxfile.py	67	def _parse_supported_interpreter_version(	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	81	def _supported_interpreter_versions(	CODE
LOW⚡	noxfile.py	287	def _clippy_additional_workspaces(session: nox.Session) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	576	def test_cross_compilation_windows(session: nox.Session):	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	1239	def set_msrv_package_versions(session: nox.Session):	STRING
LOW	noxfile.py	1533	def _iter_extern_libpython_blocks(source: str) -> Iterator[str]:	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	1558	def _cfg_attr_is_non_cpython_only(attr: str) -> bool:	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	1941	def _run_cargo_set_package_version(	CODE
LOW⚡	examples/word-count/tests/test_word_count.py	35	def test_word_count_rust_parallel(benchmark, contents):	STRING
LOW⚡	examples/word-count/tests/test_word_count.py	40	def test_word_count_rust_sequential(benchmark, contents):	STRING
LOW⚡	examples/word-count/tests/test_word_count.py	45	def test_word_count_python_sequential(benchmark, contents):	STRING
LOW⚡	examples/word-count/tests/test_word_count.py	50	def run_rust_sequential_twice(	STRING
LOW⚡	examples/word-count/tests/test_word_count.py	60	def test_word_count_rust_sequential_twice_with_threads(benchmark, contents):	STRING
LOW	pytests/tests/test_sequence.py	10	def test_vec_from_list_pystring():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_sequence.py	30	def test_rust_array_from_array():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_misc.py	23	def test_multiple_imports_same_interpreter_ok():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_misc.py	41	def test_import_in_subinterpreter_forbidden():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_misc.py	67	def test_type_fully_qualified_name_includes_module():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_finalization.py	27	def test_hammer_attaching_in_thread():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_finalization.py	35	def test_detach_during_finalization():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	5	def test_complex_enum_variant_constructors():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	39	def test_complex_enum_variant_subclasses(variant: enums.ComplexEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	43	def test_complex_enum_field_getters():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	74	def test_complex_enum_desugared_match(variant: enums.ComplexEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	105	def test_complex_enum_pyfunction_in_out_desugared_match(variant: enums.ComplexEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	126	def test_tuple_enum_variant_constructors():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	142	def test_tuple_enum_variant_subclasses(variant: enums.TupleEnum):	CODE
LOW⚡	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	153	def test_tuple_enum_field_getters():	CODE
LOW⚡	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	160	def test_tuple_enum_index_getter():	CODE
LOW⚡	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	170	def test_mixed_complex_enum_pyfunction_instance_nothing(	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	183	def test_mixed_complex_enum_pyfunction_instance_empty(variant: enums.MixedComplexEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	159	def test_invalid_time_fails_overflow(args):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	229	def test_invalid_datetime_fails():	CODE
LOW⚡	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	241	def test_datetime_from_timestamp(dt):	CODE
LOW⚡	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	259	def test_datetime_from_timestamp_tzinfo():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	325	def test_tz_class_introspection():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	16	def test_complex_enum_match_statement(variant: enums.ComplexEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	44	def test_complex_enum_pyfunction_in_out(variant: enums.ComplexEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	68	def test_complex_enum_partial_match(variant: enums.ComplexEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	83	def test_tuple_enum_match_statement(variant: enums.TupleEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	103	def test_simple_tuple_enum_match_statement(variant: enums.SimpleTupleEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	119	def test_tuple_enum_match_match_args(variant: enums.TupleEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	136	def test_tuple_enum_partial_match(variant: enums.TupleEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	151	def test_mixed_complex_enum_match_statement(variant: enums.MixedComplexEnum):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyclasses.py	131	def test_no_constructor_defined_propagates_cause(cls: Type, exc_message: str):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyfunctions.py	66	def test_simple_args_kwargs_py(benchmark):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyfunctions.py	70	def test_simple_args_kwargs_rs(benchmark):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyfunctions.py	120	def many_keyword_arguments_py(	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyfunctions.py	141	def call_with_many_keyword_arguments(f) -> Any:	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyfunctions.py	160	def test_many_keyword_arguments_py(benchmark):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyfunctions.py	164	def test_many_keyword_arguments_rs(benchmark):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_objstore.py	7	def test_objstore_doesnot_leak_memory():	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_path.py	27	def test_take_invalid_pathlike():	CODE

Cross-Language Confusion5 hits · 32 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
HIGH⚡	examples/plugin/python_plugin/gadget_init_plugin.py	8	g.push(1)	CODE
HIGH⚡	examples/plugin/python_plugin/gadget_init_plugin.py	9	g.push(2)	CODE
HIGH⚡	examples/plugin/python_plugin/gadget_init_plugin.py	10	g.push(3)	CODE
HIGH	examples/plugin/plugin_api/tests/test_Gadget.py	22	gadget.push(42)	CODE
HIGH	pytests/tests/test_objstore.py	23	store.push(message)	CODE

Excessive Try-Catch Wrapping18 hits · 25 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW⚡	noxfile.py	294	except Exception:	CODE
LOW⚡	noxfile.py	303	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	359	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	413	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	1035	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	guide/src/migration.md	1713	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW⚡	guide/src/debugging.md	315	except Exception:	CODE
LOW⚡	guide/src/debugging.md	322	except Exception as e:	CODE
MEDIUM⚡	guide/src/debugging.md	323	print(f"Error updating launch.json: {e}")	CODE
LOW	tests/test_inheritance.rs	168	except Exception as e:	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	98	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	104	except Exception as pdt_fail:	CODE
LOW⚡	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	244	except Exception:	CODE
LOW⚡	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	250	except Exception as pdt_fail:	CODE
MEDIUM	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	95	def test_date_from_timestamp(d):	CODE
MEDIUM	pytests/tests/test_datetime.py	241	def test_datetime_from_timestamp(dt):	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyclasses.py	136	except Exception:	CODE
LOW	src/types/traceback.rs	158	except Exception as e:	CODE

Decorative Section Separators4 hits · 12 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	guide/glossary_linker.py	66	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	guide/glossary_linker.py	68	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	guide/glossary_linker.py	183	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT
MEDIUM	guide/glossary_linker.py	185	# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------	COMMENT

Deep Nesting8 hits · 8 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	noxfile.py	744	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	912	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	1239	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	1504	CODE
LOW	noxfile.py	1533	CODE
LOW	guide/glossary_linker.py	84	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	74	CODE
LOW	pytests/tests/test_enums.py	105	CODE

Unused Imports8 hits · 8 pts

Severity	File	Line	Context
LOW	examples/plugin/plugin_api/tests/test_import.py	2	CODE
LOW	examples/maturin-starter/maturin_starter/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	examples/maturin-starter/maturin_starter/__init__.py	6	CODE
LOW	examples/word-count/word_count/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	examples/word-count/word_count/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	examples/word-count/word_count/__init__.py	1	CODE
LOW	…tools-rust-starter/setuptools_rust_starter/__init__.py	2	CODE
LOW	…tools-rust-starter/setuptools_rust_starter/__init__.py	6	CODE

TODO Padding3 hits · 4 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	pyo3-macros-backend/src/py_expr.rs	157	_ => PyConstant::Ellipsis, // TODO: implement ByteStr and CStr	CODE
LOW	pyo3-macros-backend/src/frompyobject.rs	475	// TODO: implement using a Protocol?	COMMENT
LOW	pyo3-macros-backend/src/intopyobject.rs	378	// TODO: implement using a Protocol?	COMMENT

Self-Referential Comments1 hit · 3 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
MEDIUM	pytests/tests/test_enums_match.py	1	# This file is only collected when Python >= 3.10, because it tests match syntax.	COMMENT

Modern Structural Boilerplate2 hits · 2 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	noxfile.py	199	def set_coverage_env(session: nox.Session) -> None:	CODE
LOW	examples/word-count/word_count/__init__.py	3	__all__ = [	CODE

Redundant / Tautological Comments1 hit · 2 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	.github/workflows/ci.yml	864	# Check if all needs were successful or skipped.	COMMENT

Example Usage Blocks1 hit · 2 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	src/pyclass.rs	66	/// Usage example:	COMMENT

AI Slop Vocabulary1 hit · 2 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	src/pycell/impl_.rs	268	// For `#[pyclass]` types which inherit from PyAny, we can just call tp_free	COMMENT

Fake / Example Data1 hit · 1 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	guide/src/python-from-rust/calling-existing-code.md	335	let house = house_class.call1(("123 Main Street",)).unwrap();	CODE

AI Structural Patterns1 hit · 1 pts

Severity	File	Line	Snippet	Context
LOW	pytests/tests/test_pyfunctions.py	120		CODE

Analysis Overview

What These Metrics Mean

Score History

Severity Breakdown

Directory Score Breakdown

Pattern Findings