A Proof-oriented Programming Language
This report summarizes scanner evidence for FStarLang/FStar, a F* project with 3,113 GitHub stars. SynthScan examined 30,671 lines of code across 239 source files, recording 106 pattern matches distributed across 12 syntactic categories. The legacy adjusted pattern signal is 6.7 (Moderate pattern signal); it is not an authorship estimate.
Use the findings to ask whether maintainers can explain intent, verify dependencies, simplify unnecessary scaffolding, and focus review effort. Risk Payload v1 adds ownership, supply-chain, over-engineering, and review-effort vectors when available. These are prompts for human verification, not probabilities, security findings, or measured maintenance costs.
Use each vector to guide manual verification of the underlying findings.
Can maintainers explain intent, assumptions, and trade-offs? 63 finding(s).
Are imports declared and package/API names verified? 14 finding(s).
Are wrappers, guards, and repeated structures necessary? 32 finding(s).
Which changes need focused human review? 106 finding(s).
This chart tracks the legacy adjusted pattern score across scan runs. Changes can reflect source changes, scan coverage, or detector/scoring versions; they do not measure AI adoption or prove that a team refactored code. Compare runs only when their scoring versions are compatible. The dashed line tracks the raw pattern-hit count.
Groups findings by configured severity weight. Severity is not a confidence estimate, security rating, or proof that a package is missing. Verify imports against the project's manifests and inspect each finding in its local design context.
This horizontal bar chart shows where configured pattern scores accumulate across directories. Treat the bars as locations to inspect, not as evidence of authorship or code quality. Use the file-level findings to decide whether a directory needs a focused ownership, dependency, complexity, or review check.
The scanner identified 106 distinct pattern matches across 12 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a detector match to inspect in context. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.
Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the configured finding weight (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — legacy comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 score weight. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier under the legacy scoring model.
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 44 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 46 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 62 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 64 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 80 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 82 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 152 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 154 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 209 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 211 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 299 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 301 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 433 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 435 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 30 | # ── Parsing ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 117 | # ── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 136 | # ── Statistics ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 205 | # ── Markdown Report ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 327 | # ── HTML Report ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 620 | # ── Main ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIGH | tests/ide/test-incremental.py | 247 | request = f'{{"query-id":"1", "query": "vfs-add", "args":{{"filename":null, "contents": {json_contents}}}}}\n{{"quer | CODE |
| HIGH | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 532 | const sigMem = memData.filter(d => d.base > 50 || d.patch > 50); | CODE |
| HIGH | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 562 | const sigTime = timeData.filter(d => d.base > 1 || d.patch > 1); | CODE |
| HIGH | .scripts/benchmarking/run_benchmarks.py | 173 | shell_exec('grep BENCHMARK_PRE ulib/gmake/fstar.mk || git apply %s'%args.benchmark_hook_patch) | CODE |
| HIGH⚡ | src/parser/gen_unicode_tables.py | 18 | if 48 <= c && c <= 57 then c - 48 | CODE |
| HIGH⚡ | src/parser/gen_unicode_tables.py | 19 | else if 97 <= c && c <= 102 then c - 87 | CODE |
| HIGH⚡ | src/parser/gen_unicode_tables.py | 20 | else if 65 <= c && c <= 70 then c - 55 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tests/ide/test-incremental.py | 241 | json_contents = json.dumps(contents) | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/Narrow_stubs.h | 41 | #define CUSTARD_FN static __host__ __device__ inline | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/checkpartial.py | 41 | PKGS = ("batteries,zarith,stdint,yojson,ppxlib,menhirLib,pprint,process," | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/checkpartial.py | 101 | print("checkpartial: ocamlfind not found; skipping") | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/ExtPtr_stubs.h | 1 | #ifndef __EXTPTR_STUBS_H | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/KrmlExt_stubs.h | 1 | /* The target side of KrmlExt.fst: a symbol whose C name is not its F* name. */ | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/NarrowOverride_stubs.h | 21 | #include <stdbool.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/ExportUser.cpp | 1 | // Section 32.4. A consumer Custard did not generate, compiled as C++. | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/KrmlMacro_stubs.h | 1 | /* The target side of KrmlMacro.fst: the symbol is a macro, not a function. */ | COMMENT |
| LOW | tests/custard/ExtFlag_stubs.h | 1 | #ifndef __EXTFLAG_STUBS_H | COMMENT |
| LOW | pulse/src/custard-entrypoints.txt | 1 | # Compiler entry points the Pulse plugin needs. | COMMENT |
| LOW | pulse/src/custard-entrypoints.txt | 21 | FStarC.Syntax.Free.ord_univ_uvar | COMMENT |
| LOW | pulse/src/syntax_extension/custard-entrypoints.txt | 1 | # Entry points for the syntax_extension unit itself. | COMMENT |
| LOW | contrib/CoreCrypto/ml/openssl_stub.c | 1 | /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */ | COMMENT |
| LOW | contrib/CoreCrypto/ml/openssl_stub.c | 1401 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | .scripts/renamings.sh | 1 | #!/bin/bash | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/add_iface_opens.py | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/remove_all_unused_opens.sh | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/runlim_diff.py | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/run_benchmark.sh | 1 | #!/bin/bash | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 301 | # ────────────────────────────────────────────────── | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/release.sh | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash | COMMENT |
| LOW | .github/workflows/nightly-build.yml | 1 | name: F* nightly build | COMMENT |
| LOW | .github/workflows/build-windows.yml | 81 | echo FSTAR_VERSION="nightly-$(date -I)" >> $GITHUB_ENV | COMMENT |
| LOW | doc/book/PoP-in-FStar/book/conf.py | 1 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- | COMMENT |
| LOW | doc/book/PoP-in-FStar/book/conf.py | 41 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | doc/book/PoP-in-FStar/book/conf.py | 61 | # source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md'] | COMMENT |
| LOW | doc/book/PoP-in-FStar/book/conf.py | 81 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | doc/book/PoP-in-FStar/book/conf.py | 101 | # Custom sidebar templates, must be a dictionary that maps document names | COMMENT |
| LOW | doc/book/PoP-in-FStar/book/conf.py | 121 | latex_elements = { | COMMENT |
| LOW | src/custard/entrypoints.txt | 1 | # Entry points for the Custard build of the F* compiler. | COMMENT |
| LOW | src/custard/entrypoints.txt | 361 | # Hand-written registrations in a plugin's .ml.fixup use these two as well: | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tests/custard/checkgroup.py | 75 | CODE | |
| LOW | tests/custard/checkrefs.py | 41 | CODE | |
| LOW | tests/custard/cbor-corpus/model.py | 4 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/add_iface_opens.py | 181 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/add_iface_opens.py | 211 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/query-stats.py | 50 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/query-stats.py | 96 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/query-stats.py | 136 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/query-stats.py | 202 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/query-stats.py | 282 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/query-stats.py | 405 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 54 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/fstardoc/fstardoc.py | 39 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/fstardoc/fstardoc.py | 114 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/fstardoc/fstardoc.py | 273 | CODE | |
| LOW | examples/tactics/bench/script.py | 72 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tests/ide/cleanup.py | 40 | except Exception as ex: | CODE |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/query-stats.py | 420 | print("Error: %s\n" % str(err)) | CODE |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/query-stats.py | 430 | print("Error: file '%s' does not exists." % a) | CODE |
| MEDIUM⚡ | .scripts/query-stats.py | 450 | print("Error: -n/-t/--top must be >= 0.") | CODE |
| MEDIUM⚡ | .scripts/query-stats.py | 460 | print("Error: filter not in s=v format.") | CODE |
| MEDIUM⚡ | .scripts/query-stats.py | 469 | print("Error: unsupported output format '%s'" % a) | CODE |
| LOW | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 68 | except Exception as e: | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIGH | .scripts/simpl_graph.py | 48 | except AttributeError: | CODE |
| HIGH | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 82 | except FileNotFoundError: | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | stage0/.scripts/mk-package.sh | 5 | # This will just create a tar.gz or zip out of a directory. | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/src-install.sh | 24 | # before it tries to copy it. This seems robust. | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/mk-package.sh | 5 | # This will just create a tar.gz or zip out of a directory. | COMMENT |
| LOW | .github/workflows/nightly-schedule.yml | 4 | # nightly build. To add a new branch, just add it to the matrix below. | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | tests/ide/test-incremental.py | 3 | CODE | |
| LOW | tests/ide/emacs/fuzz.py | 28 | CODE | |
| LOW | tests/custard/cbor-corpus/mutants.py | 1 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/ramon-report.py | 27 | CODE | |
| LOW | .scripts/runlim_diff_old.py | 7 | CODE | |
| LOW | doc/book/PoP-in-FStar/book/smt2_pygments.py | 2 | CODE | |
| LOW | doc/book/PoP-in-FStar/book/fstar_pygments.py | 2 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | .scripts/remove_all_unused_opens.sh | 13 | # Please do NOT trust this script and make sure to save your state | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | .scripts/run_benchmark.sh | 16 | # (you can use other commands, but they should support a `-o FILE` | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 356 | # Check if difference is only in metadata (comment lines) | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/create_tag.sh | 21 | # Check if the user has provided a GitHub authentication token | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/create_tag.sh | 63 | # Check if the commit pointed to by that tag (if any) points to the current commit | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | .scripts/add_iface_opens.py | 19 | # Usage: | COMMENT |
| LOW | .scripts/diff_smt2.sh | 13 | # Usage: | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | .scripts/benchmarking/fstar_slack_post.py | 155 | def create_slack_text_message(s): | CODE |
| LOW | .scripts/benchmarking/fstar_slack_post.py | 160 | def create_slack_attachment_message(fallback, color, text, footer): | CODE |
| LOW | .scripts/benchmarking/run_benchmarks.py | 87 | def parse_and_format_results_for_upload(fname, bench_name_prefix=''): | CODE |