Repository Analysis

ExpressLRS/ExpressLRS

High Performance Open Source Radio Control Link

2.7 Likely human-written View on GitHub

Analysis Overview

This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of ExpressLRS/ExpressLRS, a C project with 5,078 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 112,172 lines of code across 443 source files, recording 273 pattern matches distributed across 12 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 2.7 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.

The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).

2.7
Adjusted Score
2.7
Raw Score
100%
Time Factor
2026-07-14
Last Push
5.1K
Stars
C
Language
112.2K
Lines of Code
443
Files
273
Pattern Hits
2026-07-14
Scan Date
0.02
HC Hit Rate

What These Metrics Mean

Adjusted Score
Primary synthetic code indicator. Raw score normalised per 1,000 lines of code and multiplied by the temporal discount factor. This is the definitive comparative metric — use it to rank repositories by AI authorship density.
Raw Score
The unmodified sum of all severity-weighted, context-multiplied pattern match scores before temporal discounting. Reflects the absolute signal strength independent of when the repository was last active.
Time Factor
The temporal discount multiplier (0–100%) applied to the raw score. Repositories last updated before ChatGPT's launch (Nov 2022) receive a 5% factor. Full signal is only assigned to repositories active in the post-adoption era (Jan 2024+).
Pattern Hits
Total count of individual pattern matches across all files and categories. A high hit count with a low score may indicate a very large codebase with isolated AI snippets; a low count with a high score indicates dense, concentrated AI signatures.
HC Hit Rate
High+Critical pattern hits per file, averaged across the repository. This orthogonal signal catches repositories where a few files are densely packed with high-severity AI tells — a strong indicator even when the normalised score appears moderate due to codebase size.
Lines of Code / Files
Total lines and files analysed. The scanner examines 94 file extensions. These denominators are used to normalise the score, enabling fair comparison between repositories of vastly different sizes.

Score History

Longitudinal tracking requires multiple scan runs. Once this repository is re-scanned after new commits land, this chart will visualise how the synthetic code signal evolves over time — enabling you to detect whether AI authorship is growing, stabilising, or being actively corrected by human engineers.

No multi-scan history yet — run the scanner again to build trend data.

Severity Breakdown

Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.

CRITICAL 0HIGH 7MEDIUM 0LOW 266

Directory Score Breakdown

This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.

Pattern Findings

The scanner identified 273 distinct pattern matches across 12 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.

Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.

Over-Commented Block155 hits · 155 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/.travis.yml1# Continuous Integration (CI) is the practice, in softwareCOMMENT
LOWsrc/.travis.yml21COMMENT
LOWsrc/.travis.yml41# - platformio runCOMMENT
LOWsrc/.travis.yml61#COMMENT
LOWsrc/user_defines.txt1### The Legal Stuff ###COMMENT
LOWsrc/user_defines.txt21#-DRegulatory_Domain_EU_868COMMENT
LOWsrc/user_defines.txt41### COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS: ###COMMENT
LOWsrc/user_defines.txt61COMMENT
LOWsrc/user_defines.txt81# The ID is generated on the TX side and overwrites CH1-CH4 and increments once for everyCOMMENT
LOWsrc/test/test_msp2crsf2msp/test_msp2crsf2msp.cpp61COMMENT
LOWsrc/test/test_crc/test_crc.cpp1#include <cstdint>COMMENT
LOWsrc/test/test_msp/msp_tests.cpp1#include <cstdint>COMMENT
LOWsrc/python/test_tools/power_sweep.py1# This script runs an automated voltage sweep while collecting ADC DBGLN() outputCOMMENT
LOWsrc/python/external/six.py1# Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Benjamin PetersonCOMMENT
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool.py1#!/usr/bin/env pythonCOMMENT
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/functions.py101 # Type checking involves checking the top level type,COMMENT
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/visitor.py21 # FalseCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/native.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/common.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/crsf_protocol.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/crsf_protocol.h21#define CRSF_CHANNEL_VALUE_1000 191 // 1000usCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/telemetry_protocol.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/targets.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/targets.h21#define ICACHE_RAM_ATTR IRAM_ATTRCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/targets.h41extern bool pwmSerialDefined;COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/targets.h61#if !(defined(Regulatory_Domain_AU_915) || defined(Regulatory_Domain_FCC_915) || \COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP8285_TX.h1// SerialCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP8285_TX.h21COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP8285_TX.h41#define POWER_OUTPUT_VALUES2_COUNT POWER_OUTPUT_VALUES_COUNTCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP8285_TX.h61#define WS2812_VTX_STATUS_LEDS hardware_i16_array(HARDWARE_ledidx_rgb_vtx)COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP8285_TX.h81#define OPT_HAS_GSENSOR_STK8xxx falseCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP32_TX.h1// SerialCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP32_TX.h21#define LR1121_RFSW_CTRL hardware_u16_array(HARDWARE_radio_rfsw_ctrl)COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP32_TX.h41#define SKY85321_PDET_SLOPE hardware_float(HARDWARE_power_pdet_slope)COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP32_TX.h61#define USER_BUTTON_LED hardware_pin(HARDWARE_button_led_index)COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP32_TX.h81COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP32_TX.h101// OLED/TFTCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP32_TX.h121#define GPIO_PIN_DEBUG_TX hardware_pin(HARDWARE_debug_backpack_tx)COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP32_TX.h141#define OPT_HAS_THERMAL_LM75A hardware_flag(HARDWARE_thermal_lm75a)COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP_RX.h1// SerialCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP_RX.h21#define OPT_USE_HARDWARE_DCDC hardware_flag(HARDWARE_radio_dcdc)COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP_RX.h41COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP_RX.h61#define GPIO_LED_GREEN_INVERTED falseCOMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP_RX.h81COMMENT
LOWsrc/include/target/Unified_ESP_RX.h101#define GPIO_PIN_FAN_SPEEDS hardware_u16_array(HARDWARE_misc_fan_speeds)COMMENT
LOWsrc/html/build-plugins/feature-blocks-plugin.js1// Feature marker processor shared by build-time plugins.COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/WIFI/lr1121.cpp1#include "targets.h"COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/WIFI/devWIFI.cpp1#include "device.h"COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/WIFI/devWIFI.cpp21#endifCOMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/WIFI/devWIFI.cpp41#endifCOMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/WIFI/wifiJoystick.cpp1#include "device.h"COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/AnalogVbat/devAnalogVbat.cpp1#include "devAnalogVbat.h"COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/LR1121Driver/LR1121.cpp1#include "LR1121.h"COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/LR1121Driver/LR1121_Regs.h41#define LR1121_POWER_MAX_LP_PA (14)COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/LR1121Driver/LR1121Driver.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/VTXSPI/devVTXSPI.cpp1#include "targets.h"COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/VTXSPI/devVTXSPI.cpp21COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/FHSS/FHSS.cpp1#include "FHSS.h"COMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/FHSS/FHSS.h1#pragma onceCOMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/CRSF2MSP/crsfmsp_common.h1COMMENT
95 more matches not shown…
Cross-File Repetition7 hits · 35 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
HIGH…ython/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32h2beta1.py0access class for esp32h2beta2 stub loader, runs on top of rom. (basically the same as esp32stubloader, but different basSTRING
HIGH…ython/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32s3beta2.py0access class for esp32h2beta2 stub loader, runs on top of rom. (basically the same as esp32stubloader, but different basSTRING
HIGHsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32s3.py0access class for esp32h2beta2 stub loader, runs on top of rom. (basically the same as esp32stubloader, but different basSTRING
HIGHsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32c3.py0access class for esp32h2beta2 stub loader, runs on top of rom. (basically the same as esp32stubloader, but different basSTRING
HIGHsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32s2.py0access class for esp32h2beta2 stub loader, runs on top of rom. (basically the same as esp32stubloader, but different basSTRING
HIGHsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32c2.py0access class for esp32h2beta2 stub loader, runs on top of rom. (basically the same as esp32stubloader, but different basSTRING
HIGH…ython/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32h2beta2.py0access class for esp32h2beta2 stub loader, runs on top of rom. (basically the same as esp32stubloader, but different basSTRING
Unused Imports35 hits · 32 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/python/bind.py5CODE
LOWsrc/python/set_model.py5CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/six.py23CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py42CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py68CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/compat.py1CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/compat.py3CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/__init__.py2CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py1CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py1CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py2CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py2CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py2CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py2CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py2CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py2CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py2CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/inputimeout/__init__.py2CODE
Hyper-Verbose Identifiers30 hits · 30 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/bin_image.py645 def get_alignment_data_needed(segment):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py893def get_default_connected_device(CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/cmds.py225def _update_image_flash_params(esp, address, args, image):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32.py102 def is_flash_encryption_key_valid(self):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32.py147 def get_encrypted_download_disabled(self):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32.py156 def get_flash_encryption_enabled(self):CODE
LOW…ython/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32h2beta1.py129 def is_flash_encryption_key_valid(self):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32c3.py152 def is_flash_encryption_key_valid(self):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32s2.py207 def is_flash_encryption_key_valid(self):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32s3.py130 def is_flash_encryption_key_valid(self):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/targets/esp32c2.py120 def is_flash_encryption_key_valid(self):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/functions.py361 def _convert_to_jmespath_type(self, pyobject):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/parser.py140 def _token_nud_unquoted_identifier(self, token):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/parser.py143 def _token_nud_quoted_identifier(self, token):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/parser.py472 def _raise_parse_error_for_token(self, token, reason):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/parser.py479 def _raise_parse_error_maybe_eof(self, expected_type, token):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/visitor.py166 def visit_function_expression(self, node, value):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/lexer.py120 def _initialize_for_expression(self, expression):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/lexer.py179 def _consume_quoted_identifier(self):CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/lexer.py192 def _consume_raw_string_literal(self):CODE
LOWsrc/html/dev-plugins/dev-mock-plugin.js158 function countVoltageSourcesFromHardware(hardware) {CODE
LOWsrc/html/dev-plugins/dev-mock-plugin.js167 function syncVoltageSourcesFromHardware(hardware) {CODE
LOW…html/build-plugins/inline-static-html-assets-plugin.js19export function inlineStaticHtmlAssetsPlugin() {CODE
LOWsrc/html/build-plugins/feature-blocks-plugin.js18export function createFeatureBlockProcessor(env) {CODE
LOWsrc/html/build-plugins/css-tree-shake-plugin.js55function collectUsedCssTokensFromBundle(bundle) {CODE
LOWsrc/html/build-plugins/css-tree-shake-plugin.js129function extractRequiredTokensFromSelector(selector) {CODE
LOWsrc/html/build-plugins/css-tree-shake-plugin.js157function selectorIsDefinitelyUnused(selector, usedTokens) {CODE
LOWsrc/html/build-plugins/css-tree-shake-plugin.js215async function collectUsedCssTokensFromSource(root, processHtml, processJs) {CODE
LOWsrc/html/src/pages/voltage-calibration-panel.js41function getVoltageSourcesFromHardware(hardware) {CODE
LOWsrc/lua/elrs.lua444local function parseParameterInfoMessage(data)CODE
Deep Nesting29 hits · 27 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/python/crsf.py54CODE
LOWsrc/python/crsf.py101CODE
LOWsrc/python/UnifiedConfiguration.py38CODE
LOWsrc/python/BFinitPassthrough.py40CODE
LOWsrc/python/BFinitPassthrough.py114CODE
LOWsrc/python/serials_find.py5CODE
LOWsrc/python/binary_flash.py126CODE
LOWsrc/python/binary_configurator.py52CODE
LOWsrc/python/binary_configurator.py120CODE
LOWsrc/python/binary_configurator.py174CODE
LOWsrc/python/test_tools/power_sweep.py50CODE
LOWsrc/python/test_tools/power_sweep.py68CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/bin_image.py50CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/bin_image.py606CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/bin_image.py830CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py76CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py870CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py929CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py732CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/loader.py1390CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/loader.py604CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/cmds.py67CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/cmds.py309CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/cmds.py772CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/functions.py136CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/functions.py197CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/functions.py295CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/parser.py391CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/lexer.py26CODE
Excessive Try-Catch Wrapping5 hits · 6 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/python/UnifiedConfiguration.py145 except Exception:CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py792 except Exception as e:CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py799 except Exception as e:CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/loader.py56except Exception:CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/cmds.py254 except Exception:CODE
Redundant / Tautological Comments2 hits · 4 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py795 # Check if XMC SPI flash chip booted-up successfully, fix if notCOMMENT
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py809 # Check if stub supports chosen flash sizeCOMMENT
AI Slop Vocabulary3 hits · 4 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/loader.py426 # otherwise, just return the 'val' field which comes from the reply headerCOMMENT
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/parser.py188 # just use emit an index node here if we're not dealingCOMMENT
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/parser.py333 # we can avoid creating another node and instead just addCOMMENT
Verbosity Indicators2 hits · 3 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/lib/Baro/baro_spl06.cpp50 // Step 1: Load calibration dataCOMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/Baro/baro_spl06.cpp69 // Step 2: Set up oversampling and FIFOCOMMENT
Structural Annotation Overuse2 hits · 3 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/lib/Baro/baro_spl06.cpp50 // Step 1: Load calibration dataCOMMENT
LOWsrc/lib/Baro/baro_spl06.cpp69 // Step 2: Set up oversampling and FIFOCOMMENT
Modern Structural Boilerplate2 hits · 2 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/python/external/streamexpect.py795__all__ = [CODE
LOWsrc/python/external/esptool/esptool/__init__.py8__all__ = [CODE
AI Structural Patterns1 hit · 1 pts
SeverityFileLineSnippetContext
LOWsrc/python/external/jmespath/parser.py510CODE