OpenVDB - Sparse volume data structure and tools
This report presents the forensic synthetic code analysis of AcademySoftwareFoundation/openvdb, a C++ project with 3,359 GitHub stars. SynthScan v2.0 examined 350,507 lines of code across 774 source files, recording 1376 pattern matches distributed across 13 syntactic categories. The overall adjusted score of 4.0 places this repository in the Likely human-written band.
The scanner applied 160+ deterministic lexical heuristics, multi-line block detectors, abstract syntax tree depth profilers, and a cross-file Jaccard similarity matrix to construct a statistically normalised synthetic code estimate. All matches are individually weighted by severity coefficient and contextual multiplier before summation, and the resulting headline score is temporally discounted to account for the repository's development history relative to the commercial emergence of large language model coding tooling (November 2022 onward).
Longitudinal tracking requires multiple scan runs. Once this repository is re-scanned after new commits land, this chart will visualise how the synthetic code signal evolves over time — enabling you to detect whether AI authorship is growing, stabilising, or being actively corrected by human engineers.
Classifies detected patterns by their diagnostic confidence and structural impact. CRITICAL patterns (coefficient 10) represent definitive synthetic signatures — hallucinated imports, explicit LLM attribution metadata — virtually never produced by human authors. HIGH (5) indicates strong structural tells such as cross-file repetition or cross-linguistic idioms. MEDIUM (2) covers recognisable conversational padding and AI-specific vocabulary. LOW (1) captures subtle indicators like tautological comments and generic boilerplate that require density to carry independent signal.
This horizontal bar chart decomposes the repository's raw synthetic code score by top-level directory, allowing you to pinpoint precisely which modules or components carry the highest AI authorship density. Directories with disproportionately high scores relative to their size warrant targeted manual review: concentrated AI signatures often trace back to mass-generated configuration layers, auto-ported test suites, LLM-scaffolded boilerplate classes, or entire subsystems authored under heavy copilot assistance. Use this view to prioritise your human code-review effort.
The scanner identified 1376 distinct pattern matches across 13 syntactic categories. Each entry below represents a discrete location in the source code where the engine recorded a statistically significant AI authorship indicator. Expand any category row to inspect the individual file paths, line numbers, code snippets, and the lexical context (CODE, COMMENT, or STRING) in which each match was detected.
Reading the findings table: The Severity column indicates the diagnostic confidence level (CRITICAL / HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW). The Context column identifies whether the match occurred inside executable code, an inline comment, or a string literal — comment-context matches receive a ×1.5 weight because LLMs systematically over-annotate. The ⚡ bolt icon marks clustered matches: three or more patterns within a 10-line window, each receiving an additional ×1.5 density multiplier as dense clusters constitute far stronger evidence of synthetic authorship than isolated hits.
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | ci/download_houdini.py | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 | COMMENT |
| LOW | ci/extract_test_examples.sh | 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_view/Font.h | 1 | // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_view/RenderModules.h | 1 | // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_view/ClipBox.h | 1 | // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/README.md | 161 | # ... -print's "Variables" section: | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/README.md | 181 | # Combine if() with multi-statement to compute |x|, set in memory: | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 1 | // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 21 | /// control-flow scopes implementing -for, -each, -files, -if; | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 41 | #include <vector> | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 81 | /// with its aliases, options, and init/run callbacks. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 721 | /// counter accessible as "#name", and remembers the iterator pointing to the | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 961 | virtual ~IfLoop() {} | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 1001 | /// @code | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 1041 | void usage(bool brief) const {for (auto i = std::next(iter);i!=actions.end(); ++i) std::clog << this->usage(*i, brie | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Parser.h | 1081 | ActIterT iter; ///< Iterator pointing to the action being processed. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1 | // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 21 | /// - A single infix expression, e.g. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 41 | /// - **Persistent memory** — `evalAndRemember()` snapshots | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 61 | #include <stdexcept> | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 81 | /// an arbitrary number of named float variables. Re-entrant and | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 101 | /// input variable of the same name from that point on, and remain | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 121 | /// `switch(selector, k1, v1, ..., default)`. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 141 | /// compilation result (and clears any registered user-defined | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 161 | /// errors include a source pointer with column number. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 181 | inline float eval(const float* values) const; | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 201 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 241 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 281 | /// @brief Multi-line, human-readable dump of the compiled bytecode. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 341 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 381 | /// forms. If @a slotsOut is non-null, the final values of all | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1341 | // The call site has just pushed `fd.params.size()` argument values onto | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1721 | // Walk the bytecode with a virtual stack-depth counter so eval() doesn't | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Util.h | 1 | // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Util.h | 21 | #ifndef VDB_TOOL_UTIL_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Util.h | 601 | for (T tmp, *last = val + n; val < last; ++val) { | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 1 | // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 21 | /// (primarily std::clog, with std::cerr for errors), never to | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 41 | #include <openvdb/tools/LevelSetFilter.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 61 | #include <openvdb/tools/Mask.h> // for tools::interiorMask() | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 81 | #endif | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 101 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 141 | ~Tool() {this->endLog();} | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 281 | void meshToLevelSet(); | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Tool.h | 361 | /// @brief Write the currently parsed action list as a config file. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 1 | // Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 21 | //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 41 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 61 | #include <pxr/usd/usd/primRange.h> | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 81 | #include "pdal/pdal.hpp" | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 161 | COMMENT | |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 181 | /// or the mesh contains quads (call triangulateQuads() first). | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 201 | void writePLY(std::ostream &os, bool ascii = false) const; | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 221 | void readPLY(const std::string &fileName); | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 241 | /// positions. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 261 | /// @throw std::invalid_argument if the file cannot be parsed. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 281 | OPENVDB_DEPRECATED size_t read(std::istream &is) {return this->readGEO(is);} | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 321 | /// @brief Returns this Geometry's user-assigned name (e.g. for stack display). | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/examples/dilate_mesh.txt | 1 | vdb_tool 10.8.0 | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/examples/points_to_mesh.txt | 1 | vdb_tool 10.8.0 | COMMENT |
| 1250 more matches not shown… | ||||
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | ci/download_houdini.py | 76 | #--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | nanovdb/nanovdb/cmd/CMakeLists.txt | 22 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | nanovdb/nanovdb/cmd/CMakeLists.txt | 28 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | nanovdb/nanovdb/cmd/CMakeLists.txt | 38 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM⚡ | nanovdb/nanovdb/cmd/CMakeLists.txt | 44 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | nanovdb/nanovdb/unittest/CMakeLists.txt | 28 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | nanovdb/nanovdb/unittest/CMakeLists.txt | 42 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | nanovdb/nanovdb/unittest/CMakeLists.txt | 48 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | nanovdb/nanovdb/unittest/CMakeLists.txt | 84 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | nanovdb/nanovdb/examples/CMakeLists.txt | 84 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1359 | // Step 1: per-call parameter slots. Use a fresh, uniquified name per call | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1369 | // Step 2: store args in reverse (top-of-stack first). | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1488 | // Step 1: insert Jump (target patched later) right BEFORE else_start. | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1496 | // Step 2: insert JumpIfFalse right BEFORE then_start. | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1504 | // Step 3: set targets. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1386 | // Step 3: copy the body's bytecode, rewriting indices. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 110 | // Step 1: Indicator fill. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 126 | // Step 2: Z-pass -- Hillis-Steele inclusive prefix sum over z. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 147 | // Step 3: Y-pass -- accumulate preceding-row popcounts. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 183 | // Step 4: Zero-extend bytes to uint16_t in linear index order. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 197 | // Step 5: Add cross-word offsets decoded from prefixSum. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_houdini/openvdb_houdini/AttributeTransferUtil.h | 525 | // NOTE: This class has all code in the header and so it cannot have OPENVDB_HOUDINI_API. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_houdini/openvdb_houdini/AttributeTransferUtil.h | 712 | // NOTE: This class has all code in the header and so it cannot have OPENVDB_HOUDINI_API. | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1359 | // Step 1: per-call parameter slots. Use a fresh, uniquified name per call | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1369 | // Step 2: store args in reverse (top-of-stack first). | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1488 | // Step 1: insert Jump (target patched later) right BEFORE else_start. | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1496 | // Step 2: insert JumpIfFalse right BEFORE then_start. | COMMENT |
| LOW⚡ | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1504 | // Step 3: set targets. | COMMENT |
| LOW | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Calculator.h | 1386 | // Step 3: copy the body's bytecode, rewriting indices. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/NanoVDB.h | 5929 | // the following code block uses std and therefore needs to be ignored by CUDA and HIP | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 110 | // Step 1: Indicator fill. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 126 | // Step 2: Z-pass -- Hillis-Steele inclusive prefix sum over z. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 147 | // Step 3: Y-pass -- accumulate preceding-row popcounts. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 183 | // Step 4: Zero-extend bytes to uint16_t in linear index order. | COMMENT |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/util/MaskPrefixSum.h | 197 | // Step 5: Add cross-word offsets decoded from prefixSum. | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | openvdb_cmd/vdb_tool/include/Geometry.h | 1208 | double p[3];// more robust to read ascii coordinates as double than float | CODE |
| MEDIUM | openvdb_ax/openvdb_ax/test/integration/TestHarness.h | 295 | #define AXTESTS_STANDARD_ASSERT_HARNESS(harness) \ | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | openvdb_ax/openvdb_ax/test/backend/util.h | 207 | // - More robust LLJITBuilder defaults: Later versions configure the JIT | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | openvdb_ax/openvdb_ax/codegen/FunctionTypes.h | 345 | /// leverage the AX Value API). Functions can still be generated and called | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | openvdb_ax/openvdb_ax/codegen/Types.h | 262 | /// Fundamentally, T1->T2 mapping should be supported by | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | openvdb_ax/openvdb_ax/ast/Visitor.h | 55 | /// you can utilize the traverse methods if you find that you require | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | openvdb_ax/openvdb_ax/compiler/CompilerOptions.h | 34 | /// results. Fundamentally, LLVM's support for CF IR is far superior and our | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEDIUM | ci/download_houdini.sh | 104 | # Create an empty valid shared lib | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | openvdb/openvdb/python/test/TestOpenVDB.py | 578 | # Create a NumPy array, fill it with the background value, | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | openvdb/openvdb/python/test/TestOpenVDB.py | 604 | # Create an empty grid. | COMMENT |
| MEDIUM | openvdb/openvdb/python/test/TestOpenVDB.py | 685 | # Create an empty grid, fill it with the background value, | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | ci/download_houdini.py | 80 | def get_access_token_and_expiry_time( | CODE |
| LOW | ci/download_houdini.py | 113 | def call_api_with_access_token( | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 524 | def test_device_write_grids_multi(self): | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 575 | def test_signed_flood_fill_float(self): | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 605 | def test_signed_flood_fill_double(self): | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 643 | def test_sample_from_points_float(self): | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 704 | def test_sample_from_points_double(self): | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 808 | def test_create_float_nano_grid(self): | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 826 | def test_create_double_nano_grid(self): | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 844 | def test_create_int_nano_grid(self): | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | ci/validate_docs_references.py | 28 | CODE | |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/__init__.py | 9 | CODE | |
| LOW | openvdb/openvdb/python/__init__.py | 3 | CODE | |
| LOW | openvdb/openvdb/python/test/TestOpenVDB.py | 17 | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 886 | def test_function(self): | CODE |
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/python/test/TestNanoVDB.py | 900 | def test_function(self): | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/cmd/updateFiles.sh | 12 | # Check if dir is not a directory | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | .github/workflows/weekly.yml | 555 | # note: For CI forks, make sure you have your tags synced | COMMENT |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | ci/download_vdb_caches.py | 105 | except Exception as e: | CODE |
| Severity | File | Line | Snippet | Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOW | nanovdb/nanovdb/cmd/updateFiles.py | 44 | CODE |